Response to residual and currently applied phosphorus in dryland cereal/legume rotations in three Syrian Mediterranean agroecosystems

Ryan, John; Ibrikçi, H.; Singh, Murari; Matar, A.; Masri, S.; Rashid, Abdul; Pala, Mustafa

doi:10.1016/j.eja.2007.06.001

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…However, the low availability of legume P sources requires further investigation. Although P from plant residues may be considered available in the longer term (Ryan et al 2007;Zhang and MacKenzie 1997), for the important early growth phase of a corn crop, relying only on legume residues for P nutrition is unlikely to supply adequate P in low fertility soils. The ten times higher PUE of inorganic fertiliser (<3%) than residue additions at the same rates of P (<0.3%) illustrates the magnitude of P stress to crops when supplied with legume residues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Isotopic tracing of phosphorus uptake in corn from 33P labelled legume residues and 32P labelled fertilisers applied to a sandy loam soil

et al. 2008

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In low input (e.g. organic) farming systems where soil phosphorus (P) fertilisers such as superphosphate are not used, maintaining sufficient available soil P for plant growth can be a major challenge. The use of P accumulating cover crops may increase P availability for subsequent crops. We hypothesised that P release from organic residues of legumes (faba bean (Vicia faba) and field peas (Pisum sativum)) could supply adequate P to meet the needs of a subsequent crop in a low P soil. A pot experiment was conducted to determine the contribution of P by legume green manure to subsequent corn using 33 P labelled legume residues and 32 P labelled inorganic fertiliser (KH 2 PO 4 ). The treatments included two rates of P application, (a) 10 kg P ha −1 as legume root and shoot residues or as inorganic fertiliser with and without a C source, and (b) 38 kg P ha −1 as a combination of legume shoot and root residues or a combination of root and inorganic fertiliser and inorganic fertiliser alone. An absolute control (zero P) was also used. Shoot dry matter, P uptake and P source (residues or fertilisers) of total P in corn were measured at harvest. Faba bean and field pea residues alone or in combination with fertilisers contributed up to 10% and 5% of the total P uptake by corn respectively, compared with up to 54% by inorganic fertilisers. Incorporation of field pea and faba bean residues with P concentrations higher than those observed under field conditions, may not always lead to adequate net P release to supply the early growth phase of subsequent crops.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Isotopic tracing of phosphorus uptake in corn from 33P labelled legume residues and 32P labelled fertilisers applied to a sandy loam soil

et al. 2008

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“…Recent publications examined nutrient use within the context of cropping systems involving rotations for N (Ryan et al. 2008a, 2010) and P (Ryan et al. 2008b).…”

Section: Changing Patterns Of Fertilizer Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fertilizer Best Management Practices: A Perspective from the Dryland West Asia–North Africa Region

Ryan

Sommer

Ibrikçi

2011

J Agronomy Crop Science

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Chemical fertilizer use has contributed significantly to increased global food output in the past half century, especially in climatically favourable regions of the world. However, in drier agro‐ecological zones, such as in West Asia and North Africa (WANA) with a Mediterranean‐type climate, fertilizer use has been low but has increased rapidly in the past few decades. Chemical fertilizer use is now widely adopted in rainfed and irrigated agriculture. As elsewhere, fertilizer use is underpinned by concerns about biological and economic efficiency. Fertilizer use efficiency is central to the current concept of fertilizer best management practices (FBMP), which embraces right source, right place, right timing and right application method. In this brief review, we highlight such FBMP concepts as related to agriculture of the WANA region, with emphasis on the key nutrients for crop production. Rainfall has a dominant influence on dryland crop yields. Nitrogen (N) use efficiency increases with increasing rainfall and is influenced by crop rotation. Under rainfed conditions, modest N losses by volatilization can occur. Leaching losses are usually minimal. Phosphorus use (P) efficiency is higher with band application than with broadcasting. Balanced fertilization, especially involving potassium (K) and micronutrients, is fundamental to efficient nutrient use. Fertilizer efficiency is also influenced by soil test values and agronomic factors that influence crop yields, e.g. sowing date and varietal differences. Rational fertilizer application rates are guided by calibration–response trials. Effective fertilizer use in the region is also dictated by external factors such as government policies and a functioning extension service. In contrast to other regions of the world, environmental impacts from the overuse of fertilizers are relatively minor, while developments in fertilizer formulations that promote efficiency have yet to have impact. Despite the relatively low fertilizer use intensity in dryland areas such as the WANA region, the FBMP comprehensive approach is a logical framework within which to achieve the most efficient management and use of fertilizer in the region’s agriculture.

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“…Tropical soils are often low in available phosphorus (P) and therefore require its application for optimum crop growth and yield, especially for rapidly growing annual crops such as grain amaranth (Zapata and Axmann, 1995;Casanova, 1995;Ryan et al, 2008). Over US$100 million is spent on conventional, water soluble P fertilizers in Nigeria annually (Sobulo, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual Effects of Phosphorus Sources in Grain Amaranth Production

Ojo

Akinrinde

Akoroda

2010

Journal of Plant Nutrition

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2 Productivity of grain amaranth can be improved at a reduced cost through combined use of low-cost rock phosphate (RP) phosphorus sources as well as selection of amaranth varieties with high phosphorus (P) use efficiencies. Rock phosphate sources are known to exhibit differences with respect to grain yield, disease tolerance and P use efficiency (PUE) in amaranth varieties. However, very little is known about their residual release of P. It is probable that the differential performances exhibited by the RPs might be a function of their P residual properties after cropping. Based on these premises this study was carried out to evaluate the residual effects of P sources under continuous croppings for grain amaranth production. The study was a factorial experiment with four replications. Four P sources: single super phosphate -SSP, ogun rock phosphate -ORP, sokoto rock phosphate -SRP, and control; three amaranth varieties: NH84/493, NH84/445 and NH84/452 were factorially combined with two soil types: Kandiudult and Haplustalf. In order to monitor the residual effects of the P sources the experimental plots were cropped consecutively three times. Results from the study revealed that sandy loam Haplustalf was better than the clayey Kandiudult soil in improving grain amaranth yield under continuous cropping system. Grain yield and relative agronomic efficiency (RAE) decreased with continuous cropping for SSP but increased with continuous cropping for ORP and SRP till second cropping, thereafter there was a decrease. Averaged over the three continuous consecutive croppings, SRP and ORP were 68.9% and 73.5% as effective as SSP in increasing grain yield respectively. It was concluded therefore that ORP and Haplustalf soil are best options for grain amaranth production under continuous cropping system.

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Response to residual and currently applied phosphorus in dryland cereal/legume rotations in three Syrian Mediterranean agroecosystems

Cited by 28 publications

References 45 publications

Isotopic tracing of phosphorus uptake in corn from 33P labelled legume residues and 32P labelled fertilisers applied to a sandy loam soil

Isotopic tracing of phosphorus uptake in corn from 33P labelled legume residues and 32P labelled fertilisers applied to a sandy loam soil

Fertilizer Best Management Practices: A Perspective from the Dryland West Asia–North Africa Region

Residual Effects of Phosphorus Sources in Grain Amaranth Production

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