“…4,32 The product of the redox initiator, SO 4 2− , as a strongly hydrated ion, can reduce the solubility of casein due to the Hofmeister effect: the interaction of macromolecules and ions removes the water of hydration from the protein and folds the protein, prompting casein to form a three-dimensionally (3D) cured structure through hydrophobic association. 33 In particular, casein micelles are composed of many sub-micelles that can be rearranged by applying shear force. Through this rearrangement of submicelles, casein micelles may undergo plastic deformation and thus show high potential for energy dissipation.…”