Responses of amphibians to restoration of a southern Appalachian wetland: Perturbations confound post-restoration assessment

Petranka, James W.; Murray, Susan S.; Kennedy, Caroline

doi:10.1672/7-20

Cited by 64 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…those residing in ephemeral wetlands) may have less sophisticated innate and adaptive immune responses to ranaviruses. The observation of recurrent ranavirusassociated die-offs of wood frogs Lithobates sylvaticus, which is an ephemeral-pond breeder, supports this hypothesis (Green et al 2002, Petranka et al 2003, Greer et al 2005, Duffus et al 2008). However, if this prediction was entirely true, narrow-mouthed toads should have been the most susceptible species in our experiment given they are known to use ephemeral wetlands (Dodd 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Emerging infectious diseases have been linked to amphibian declines (Daszak et al 1999). In particular, ranaviruses are a group of amphibian pathogens that are globally distributed and have been linked to catastrophic mortality in larval and adult amphibians (Cunningham et al 1996, 2007a,b, Jancovich et al 1997, Bollinger et al 1999, Petranka et al 2003. In North America, the majority of reported ranavirus-associated mortality events among amphibians are due to ranaviruses acting alone or in combination with other factors (Green et al 2002, Muths et al 2006.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anuran susceptibilities to ranaviruses: role of species identity, exposure route, and a novel virus isolate

Hoverman¹,

Gray²,

Miller³

2010

Dis. Aquat. Org.

101

135

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Ranaviruses are responsible for widespread amphibian die-offs, particularly with larval anurans. To understand the factors that may be contributing to the emergence of ranaviruses, we conducted 3 experiments that exposed 3 species of larval anurans to either endemic frog virus 3 (FV3) or an FV3-like isolate from a ranaculture facility. Our goals were to (1) determine the susceptibility of each species to each virus, (2) determine whether direct ingestion of virions or exposure to virions in a water bath were similarly lethal routes of transmission, and (3) quantify the effects of exposure duration on disease outcomes. We conducted our research in a controlled aquatic laboratory using a factorial combination of virus isolates, transmission routes, and exposure durations. While ranaviruses can affect many species, we found that larval anurans differ greatly in susceptibility to ranaviruses. Average mortality rates of Cope's gray tree frogs (66%) and pickerel frogs (68%) were similar but 3-fold higher than for eastern narrow-mouthed toads. Direct ingestion of the viruses increased mean infection and mortality rates by 30% and caused death about 2 times faster compared to water bath exposure. However, exposure duration did not impact mean infection or mortality rates. We also found that the ranaculture isolate increased mortality by > 34% compared to FV3. Our results suggest that ranaviruses can rapidly infect and cause disease in multiple amphibian species. Given the risk associated with introducing novel ranaviruses from ranaculture facilities, we recommend that all nations adopt the protocol set forth by the World Organization for Animal Health for testing and certifying that amphibians that are commercially shipped are negative for ranavirus infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anuran susceptibilities to ranaviruses: role of species identity, exposure route, and a novel virus isolate

Hoverman¹,

Gray²,

Miller³

2010

Dis. Aquat. Org.

101

135

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“…The transmission rate was estimated from experimental epidemics in mesocosms with wood frog tadpoles (JLB, Washington State University, unpublished data). The initial density of hatchling tadpoles is 40 per m 2 , which is at the low end of the natural range of densities (e.g., 26-790 per m 2 ; Petranka et al 2003 ), but the results do not qualitatively change at 400 per m 2 . Estimates of the rates at which infected animals die (0.0331 per day) or recover (0.0169 per day) were from Reeve et al ( 2013 ).…”

Section: Temperature and Susceptibilitymentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Petranka et al ( 2003Petranka et al ( , 2007, for instance, reported minimal recruitment of wood frogs at several newly constructed wetlands over an 8-year period due to annual die-offs from ranaviral disease. Recently, Earl and Gray ( 2014 ) used a matrix population-projection model to demonstrate that local extirpation of a closed wood frog population was likely if larvae or metamorphs were exposed to ranavirus once every 5 years.…”

Section: The Risk Of Extinction From Ranavirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ranavirus Ecology and Evolution: From Epidemiology to Extinction

et al. 2015

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“…Amber Teacher and colleagues analyzed an 11-year dataset in England, and found about an 80 % decline in common frog abundance at ranavirus die-off sites (Teacher et al 2010 ). Jim Petranka and several other ecologists have observed no recruitment in consecutive years at sites with ranavirus die-offs (Petranka et al 2003 ;Wheelwright et al 2014 ). Julia Earl showed in closed populations of wood frogs that reoccurring outbreaks of ranavirus could result in population extinction in as quickly as 5 years (Earl and Gray 2014 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction: History and Future of Ranaviruses

Gray¹,

Chinchar

2015

Ranaviruses

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What a wonderful bird the frog areWhen he stand he sit almost ; When he hop , he fl y almost . He ain ' t got no sense hardly ; He ain ' t got no tail hardly either . When he sit , he sit on what he ain ' t got almost . AnonymousAllan Granoff (1923Granoff ( -2012 serendipitously isolated the fi rst ranaviruses (Granoff et al. 1966 ) while attempting to generate cell lines that would support the replication of Lucke herpesvirus. Although one of Allan's isolates, Frog virus 3 (FV3), subsequently became the best-characterized member of both the genus ( Ranavirus ) and the family ( Iridoviridae ); the impact of that discovery was not fully appreciated at the time. FV3 was neither the fi rst iridovirus to be recognized as a pathogen of lower vertebrates or the fi rst isolated. Those honors belonged to lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) and invertebrate iridovirus 1 (IIV1), respectively (Wissenberg 1965 ;Xeros 1954 ). LCDV is responsible for a generally non-life threatening, but disfi guring, disease in fi sh characterized by the appearance of wartlike growths on the skin and (rarely) internal organs, whereas IIV1 is the causative agent of latent and patent infections in crane fl y larvae. Despite its lack of primacy, FV3 was studied because, in keeping with the mission of St. Jude Hospital, it was initially thought to be linked to adenocarcinoma in frogs and thus could be a useful model of human malignancies. Furthermore, unlike LCDV and IIV1, it could be readily grown in cultured cells and was thus amenable to detailed molecular characterization. Although its role in tumor development was soon proven incorrect, FV3 served as a gateway into understanding the replication strategy of a heretofore poorly studied virus family. Moreover, over the next 20 years, its study led to 2 important insights not only into iridovirus replication, but also eukaryotic biology, virus evolution, and host-virus interactions.Elucidating the molecular and cellular events of FV3 replication occupied Allan, his co-workers, and others in the USA and Europe from the discovery of FV3 in 1965 until the early 1990s (Murti et al. 1985 ;Williams 1996 ). However, despite the molecular insights gained in these studies, investigations of FV3 and other members of the family languished for a variety of reasons. After some initial optimism, it was clear that invertebrate iridoviruses were not suitable, as was baculovirus, as an insect biocontrol agent. Furthermore, FV3 and related vertebrate iridoviruses were initially viewed as minor pathogens, because few outbreaks of ranaviral disease were reported, and those that were, appeared to have minor effects on populations. In addition, unlike LCDV, there was little evidence of infection among ecologically or commercially important fi sh species. Therefore, even before the recent emphasis on "translational research," iridovirus studies took a backseat to more medically and commercially relevant poxviruses and herpesviruses.However, beginning in the mid-1980s and continuing to the present, this sanguine view of...

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Responses of amphibians to restoration of a southern Appalachian wetland: Perturbations confound post-restoration assessment

Cited by 64 publications

References 35 publications

Anuran susceptibilities to ranaviruses: role of species identity, exposure route, and a novel virus isolate

Anuran susceptibilities to ranaviruses: role of species identity, exposure route, and a novel virus isolate

Ranavirus Ecology and Evolution: From Epidemiology to Extinction

Introduction: History and Future of Ranaviruses

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