Responses of Desert Annual Plants to Ozone and Water Stress in an<i>in situ</i>Experiment

Bytnerowicz, Andrzej; Olszyk, David M.; Fox, Carl; Dawson, P.J.; Kats, Gerrit; Morrison, C.L.; Wolf, J.

doi:10.1080/08940630.1988.10466463

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In several crop species, SMD was found to reduce leaf injury (Heagle et al, 1987 ;Heagle et al, 1988 ;Temple et al, 1988 ;Vandermeiren, Temmerman & Hookham, 1995) and in vegetables (Olszyk & Tibbitts, 1981). In other studies, leaf injury was similar in well watered and water-stressed conditions (Miller et al, 1989 ;Fangmeier et al, 1994), and no difference was observed between irrigated and nonirrigated plots in natural vegetation exposed to elevated O $ (Bytnerowicz et al, 1988). The apparent discrepancy might be explained by differences in the effects of dry treatments on Ψ, or by intra-specific differences in the response to changes in Ψ.…”

Section: Leaf Injury Related To Irrigationmentioning

confidence: 83%

Leaf injury characteristics of grassland species exposed to ozone in relation to soil moisture condition and vapour pressure deficit

et al. 1999

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A range of plant species typical of semi-natural grasslands were tested for their sensitivity to short-term ozone injury under normal and reduced irrigation, and in relationship to air vapour pressure deficit. Potted specimens of 24 herbs, legumes and grasses were exposed during two seasons to four O$ treatments in open-top chambers. The ozone treatments were : (a) charcoal-filtered air ; (b) charcoal-filtered air plus ozone to match ambient levels ; (c) charcoal-filtered air plus O $ to ambient levels 1n5 and (d ) charcoal-filtered air with ozone added to twice ambient levels during selected episodes of 7-13 d. During these ozone episodes, half of the plants in each ozone treatment received reduced irrigation (dry treatment) while the rest was kept under full irrigation (wet treatment). Type and date of first occurrence of leaf injury were noted during individual growth periods. Plants were harvested three times per year, and the percentage of injured leaves was recorded. Depending on species, injury symptoms were expressed as flecking (O $ -specific injury), leaf yellowing or anthocyanin formation. Carum carvi and most species of the Fabaceae family (Onobrychis sativa, Trifolium repens, Trifolium pratense) were found to be most responsive to O $ , injury occurring after only a few days of exposure in treatment (b). An episodic reduction in irrigation tended to reduce the expression of O $ -specific symptoms, but only in species for which a reduction in soil moisture potential and an associated reduction in stomatal conductance during the dry episodes were observed. In other species, the protection from O $ injury seemed to be of little importance. Using artificial neural networks the injury response of nine species was analysed in relation to Species, stomatal conductance, ozone as AOT40 (accumulated exposure above a threshold of 0n04 ppm for periods with global radiation 50 W m −# (Fuhrer et al., 1997)), mean relative growth rate, air vapour pressure deficit and global radiation. In the model with all factors, Species was most important, and when Species was omitted, stomatal conductance was the most important determinant for leaf injury to occur, whereas mean relative growth rate was less important. With no plant-related factors included, air vapour pressure deficit and AOT40 were of highest importance. Only in eight species was a positive relationship found between these two factors during the five days before the onset of injury, indicating increasing protection from ozone with increasing air vapour pressure deficit in some but not all species. These data show that across a range of grassland species, leaf injury caused by elevated levels of ozone is most likely to occur in species with high stomatal conductance and that protection from ozone during dry periods is species-specific and depends on a reduction in stomatal conductance due to a decrease in soil moisture potential. Protection under increased vapour pressure deficit can occur in some but not all species, depending on the relationship between stom...

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Section: Leaf Injury Related To Irrigationmentioning

confidence: 83%

Leaf injury characteristics of grassland species exposed to ozone in relation to soil moisture condition and vapour pressure deficit

et al. 1999

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“…Thompson et al (1984) fumigated 47 native desert species and found a wide range of sensitivity expressed as visible injury. The sensitivity of some of these species was confirmed by Bytnerowicz et al (1988) but they found that visible injury was similar in irrigated and non-irrigated plants. In a study in Joshua Tree National Monument, USA, peak ozone concentrations occurred at night and no visible symptoms were observed (Temple, 1989).…”

Section: Water Deficitmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…They have included a wide range of families, monocotyledons and dicotyledons, rosette plants, tall herbs and mosses (Cornelius, 1982 ;Ernst et al, 1985 ;Bytnerowicz et al, 1988 ;Stanosz, Smith & Bruck, 1990 ;Mortensen, 1992Mortensen, , 1993Mortensen, , 1994Mortensen & Nilsen, 1992 ;Nygaard, 1994 ;Bergmann et al, 1995Bergmann et al, , 1996Warwick & Taylor, 1995 ;Potter et al, 1996 a, b ;Pleijel & Danielsson, 1997). Although flowering plants have been relatively well examined there is still little information on lichens and bryophytes (Stanosz et al, 1990 ;Nygaard, 1994 ;Balaguer et al, 1996 ;Potter et al, 1996 a, b).…”

Section: Effects On the Growth Of Individual Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ozone on wild plants

1998

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Although there is a great deal of concern about the effects of human activities on biodiversity, until recently there has been very little interest in the effects of ozone on the species that constitute the major part of the flora, the diverse herbaceous and shrubby species of natural and semi-natural communities. However, many wild species have been shown to be at least as sensitive to ozone as crops that show significant yield losses, so there is a pressing need for an evaluation of the risk to wild species posed by ozone. This review attempts to assess progress and highlight problems. It begins with a comment on semantics, discusses the difficulties involved in measuring relative ozone resistance and then proceeds to consider the effects of ozone on growth and resource allocation. The evidence for evolution of resistance is appraised and then the potential effects of several interactions (cutting\grazing, competition, soil water deficit and nutrition) are considered. The review ends with some remarks on observation of oxidant-induced changes in ecosystems.

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The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 151.Erodium cicutarium(L.) L'Hér. ex Aiton

et al. 2012

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Francis, A., Darbyshire, S. J., Légère, A. and Simard, M.-J. 2012. The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 151. Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Hér. ex Aiton. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 1359–1380. Stork's bill, Erodium cicutarium, is an annual weed of the geranium family (Geraniaceae), native to Mediterranean Europe, North Africa and western Asia. It has spread widely to temperate regions of both hemispheres, in particular to semi-arid ranges and prairies where it is frequently a dominant weed. In western Canada, it has increased in importance as a weed of cereal, canola, legume, sugarbeet and potato crops, particularly with the adoption of conservation tillage, and is both a field weed and seed contaminant of forage crops. The species had been sporadically collected in Québec since 1874 from cultivated fields (oats, potatoes, corn), but it recently appeared in experimental plots grown in corn, soybean, and red clover in eastern Québec, suggesting its potential as a serious weed. Outside of Canada, it is found in a range of crops, and has been host to viral, fungal and insect pathogens that can cause damage to crops and pastures. The plant's early germination, rapid growth and prolific seed production give it a competitive advantage in crops. In spring crops, the weed may be past the stage for optimal control by the time that the crop has reached the stage when herbicides are normally applied. Control may consequently require an extensive and often costly integrated weed management system. In semi-arid grazing areas it probably displaced some native vegetation, but has also become an important forage plant and a source of food for native wildlife. Its antioxidant and other chemical properties have drawn attention to potential medicinal and other beneficial uses.

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Responses of Desert Annual Plants to Ozone and Water Stress in anin situExperiment

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

Leaf injury characteristics of grassland species exposed to ozone in relation to soil moisture condition and vapour pressure deficit

Leaf injury characteristics of grassland species exposed to ozone in relation to soil moisture condition and vapour pressure deficit

Effects of ozone on wild plants

The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 151.Erodium cicutarium(L.) L'Hér. ex Aiton

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