Responses of electric fish (Family Mormyridae) to chemical changes in water quality: II. Pesticides

Lewis, J. W.; Kay, A.N.; Hanna, N.S.

doi:10.1080/09593339309385395

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Chem. 15, 1996 51 G. tamandau -45-60 min EOD modified at 50 g/L [201] * References used in the risk characterization. posure scenarios of atrazine ϩ DEA ϩ DIA.…”

Section: Ecological Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Risk Assessment of Atrazine in North American Surface Waters

Solomon¹,

Baker²,

Richards³

et al. 1996

Environ Toxicol Chem

296

446

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Abstract-The triazine herbicide atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropyl-amino-s-triazine) is one of the most used pesticides in North America. Atrazine is principally used for control of certain annual broadleaf and grass weeds, primarily in corn but also in sorghum, sugarcane, and, to a lesser extent, other crops and landscaping. Atrazine is found in many surface and ground waters in North America, and aquatic ecological effects are a possible concern for the regulatory and regulated communities. To address these concerns an expert panel (the Panel) was convened to conduct a comprehensive aquatic ecological risk assessment. This assessment was based on several newly suggested procedures and included exposure and hazard subcomponents as well as the overall risk assessment. The Panel determined that use of probabilistic risk assessment techniques was appropriate. Here, the results of this assessment are presented as a case study for these techniques. The environmental exposure assessment concentrated on monitoring data from Midwestern watersheds, the area of greatest atrazine use in North America. This analysis revealed that atrazine concentrations rarely exceed 20 g/L in rivers and streams that were the main focus of the aquatic ecological risk assessment. Following storm runoff, biota in lower-order streams may be exposed to pulses of atrazine greater than 20 g/L, but these exposures are short-lived. The assessment also considered exposures in lakes and reservoirs. The principal data set was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey, which monitored residues in 76 Midwestern reservoirs in 11 states in 1992-1993. Residue concentrations in some reservoirs were similar to those in streams but persisted longer. Atrazine residues were widespread in reservoirs (92% occurrence), and the 90th percentile of this exposure distribution for early June to July was about 5 g/L. Mathematical simulation models of chemical fate were used to generalize the exposure analysis to other sites and to assess the potential effects of reduction in the application rates. Models were evaluated, modified, and calibrated against available monitoring data to validate that these models could predict atrazine runoff. PRZM-2 overpredicted atrazine concentrations by about an order of magnitude, whereas GLEAMS underpredicted by a factor of 2 to 5. Thus, exposure models were not used to extrapolate to other regions of atrazine use in this assessment. The effects assessment considered both freshwater and saltwater toxicity test results. Phytoplankton were the most sensitive organisms, followed, in decreasing order of sensitivity, by macrophytes, benthic invertebrates, zooplankton, and fish. Atrazine inhibits photophosphorylation but typically does not result in lethality or permanent cell damage in the short term. This characteristic of atrazine required a different model than typically used for understanding the potential impact in aquatic systems, where lethality or nonreversible effects are usually assumed. In addition, recovery of phytoplankto...

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“…Chem. 15, 1996 51 G. tamandau -45-60 min EOD modified at 50 g/L [201] * References used in the risk characterization. posure scenarios of atrazine ϩ DEA ϩ DIA.…”

Section: Ecological Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Risk Assessment of Atrazine in North American Surface Waters

Solomon¹,

Baker²,

Richards³

et al. 1996

Environ Toxicol Chem

296

446

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Novel biosensing studies on freshwater mormyrid fish of the genus Gnathonemus showed that behavioural and electrical responses of these fish to a broad spectrum of low-level concentrations of toxic chemicals, such as cyanide, heavy metals and pesticides, can be used as biosensors of environmental pollution. Correlations were shown between the rate of pulsing, characterized by patterns of electric organ discharge, and water quality (Lewis et al, 1994). Such a system, which showed considerable potential for real-time monitoring of toxic chemicals at river intake sites, was funded by Thames Water, and a prototype was developed for use in the tropical waters of eastern Malaysia, in collaboration with the Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu and substantial funding from Petronas Oil.…”

Section: Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

An appreciation of Professor John Lewis

Rollinson

2017

J. Helminthol.

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“…Mormyrid fishes are considered to be bio-indicators (Hay et al, 1996;Hugueny et al, 1996) as they are among those fishes that react first to environmental changes (Kouamélan et al, 1999). The ability of this family of freshwater fishes as potential rapid indicators of water quality fluctuations has already been studied and indicates enhanced sensitivity when compared with other fish systems (Lewis et al 1992a(Lewis et al , 1992b(Lewis et al , 1993(Lewis et al , 1994(Lewis et al , 1995. So, the mormyrid species Mormyrus kannume was chosen to carry out this study in order to assess the effects of environmental variables on reproduction and food intensity of freshwater fishes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of the mormyrid fish Mormyrus kannume (Forsskål, 1775) reproduction and feeding intensity with the environment in a Nile Delta Canal,Egypt

Khallaf

Authman

2012

Egypt. J. of Aquatic Biolo. and Fish.

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The effect of environmental factors on the fish biological parameters and their quantification was investigated in this study during the period from January 2005 to January 2006. Bahr Shebeen Canal is a Nile canal that represents a fishery resource in the Delta of Egypt, where Mormyrus kannume shows a scanty abundance. During the period from of June to September, there was a chance to examine such interaction. The obtained results revealed that the fish spawn over an extended period, from November till May, with two main peaks of spawning activity namely: November-December and February-April. Consequently, the gonadosomatic index (GSI) could not be correlated significantly with variation in either temperature or photoperiod. In those periods of spawning activity, the fish showed the lowest feeding intensity; i.e., low abundance. This was also quantified mathematically by significant correlations between the seasonal average (excluding winter) of stomachsomatic index (SSI) and either average daily temperature (T) and photoperiod (PP) for females and to a lower extent with males. These relationships were negatively correlated, and more significant among females than males, that was attributed to a higher activity of feeding among females. Also, the fish reproduction and feeding activities were correlated significantly with electrical conductivity and rainfall. This indicated that the fish are subject to the effect of associated environmental parameters interacting with their biology. The susceptibility of this fish species to change in those variables indicates its vulnerability to any adverse climatic change. The relationship between each of fecundity, egg diameter and gonadosomatic index and the female length or age were also examined and discussed, and the mathematical correlations were presented.

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Responses of electric fish (Family Mormyridae) to chemical changes in water quality: II. Pesticides

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

Ecological Risk Assessment of Atrazine in North American Surface Waters

Ecological Risk Assessment of Atrazine in North American Surface Waters

An appreciation of Professor John Lewis

Interaction of the mormyrid fish Mormyrus kannume (Forsskål, 1775) reproduction and feeding intensity with the environment in a Nile Delta Canal,Egypt

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