Responses of Grizzly Bears to Seismic Surveys in Northern Alaska

Reynolds, Patricia E.; join(, Harry V. Reynolds; Follmann, Erich H.

doi:10.2307/3872821

Cited by 11 publications

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“…These interactions need to be further refined with additional research and monitoring. The most common interactions that we documented from the literature included trapping and poaching facilitated by winter human access (Claar et al 1999, displacement and avoidance (Cassier et al 1992), and disturbance at a specific site (Copeland 1996, Hornocker and Hash 1981, Jonkel 1980, Linnell et al 2000, Reynolds et al 1986), usually wintering areas ( fig. 5).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Factors related to human access include increased potential for poaching, collisions with vehicles, and chronic negative human interactions at campgrounds and campsites that are accessed by roads and trails (Claar et al 1999 (table 4). Winter recreational activities have been documented to disturb bears in winter dens (Jonkel 1980, Linnell et al 2000, Reynolds et al 1986) and are of special concern if they occur within 200 m of a den site (Linnell et al 2000). However, because we could not model grizzly bear denning habitat at this broad scale, project-level analyses should consider the direct and indirect effects of winter recreational activities in areas where grizzly bear denning is an issue.…”

Section: Information Gapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing the cumulative effects of linear recreation routes on wildlife habitats on the Okanogan and Wenatchee National Forests.

Gaines¹,

Singleton²,

Ross³

2003

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We conducted a literature review to document the effects of linear recreation routes on focal wildlife species. We identified a variety of interactions between focal species and roads, motorized trails, and nonmotorized trails. We used the available science to develop simple geographic information system-based models to evaluate the cumulative effects of recreational routes on habitats for focal wildlife species for a portion of the Okanogan and Wenatchee National Forests in the state of Washington. This process yielded a basis for the consistent evaluation of the cumulative effects of roads and recreation trails on wildlife habitats, and identified information gaps for future research and monitoring. We suggest that managers use an adaptive management approach to address wildlife and recreation interactions because of the complexity and uncertainty of these issues.Keywords: Okanogan and Wenatchee National Forests, linear recreation routes, focal wildlife species, cumulative effects. SummaryWe conducted a literature review to document the effects of linear recreation routes (roads, motorized trails, nonmotorized trails, designated and groomed ski and snowmobile routes) on wildlife and to assess the current level of human influences on focal wildlife species habitats on a portion of the Okanogan and Wenatchee National Forests in the state of Washington. The assessment consisted of seven steps: (1) identification of wildlife species and groups, ( 2) identification of focal species within each wildlife group, (3) identification of the road-and trail-associated factors for each focal species, (4) development of assessment processes and geographic information system (GIS) models to evaluate the influence of road-and trail-associated factors on focal species habitats, (5) application of the models to assess the current conditions of focal species habitats, (6) identification of information gaps, and (7) monitoring and adaptive management. Completion of this process yields a basis for the consistent evaluation of the cumulative effects of roads and recreation trails on wildlife habitats relative to the existing baseline conditions.We identified 238 articles on the effects of recreation trails, roads, and related subjects on wildlife. Of these, 183 articles were used to identify the interactions between roads and recreation trails and 29 focal wildlife species. These articles included technical publications, books, agency publications, theses, and dissertations.There is more science available to describe the interactions between focal wildlife species and roads than between focal species and recreation trails. Much of the research has been focused on wide-ranging carnivores and ungulates. Other lesser known species could benefit from additional research on the effects of roads, especially for less mobile species where roads may inhibit movements or fragment habitats. The most common reported interactions included displacement and avoidance where animals were reported as altering their use of habitats in response to road...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Information Gapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the cumulative effects of linear recreation routes on wildlife habitats on the Okanogan and Wenatchee National Forests.

Gaines¹,

Singleton²,

Ross³

2003

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“…Den abandonment has also been documented to occur following disturbance by heavy rain and even a pack of hunting dogs (Hamilton and Marchington, 1980) or snowmobile traffic (Elowe and Dodge, 1989). One study with three brown bears exposed to a total of five seismic exploration events reported that in three of five cases the bears responded with increased HR or movement to seismic shots, drilling or vehicle driving at a distance of 1–2 km (Reynolds et al ., 1983). Another study found increased activity levels when the bears were tracked with VHF receivers from an aeroplane (Schoen et al ., 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological reactions to capture in hibernating brown bears

Evans¹,

Singh

Fuchs³

et al. 2016

Conserv Physiol

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“…The effects of drilling and hydrocarbon extraction activities on wildlife have been well documented (Flickinger 1981;Kaplan et al 1996;Lyon and Anderson 2003;Ingelfinger and Anderson 2004;Trail 2006;Ramirez 2010). Also, the effects of seismic exploration activities on large mammals have received some attention (Hook 1986;Joslin 1986;Reynolds et al 1986;McClellan and Shackleton 1989;Blix and Lentfer 1992;Bradshaw et al 1997). However, the effects of seismic surveys on smaller wildlife, particularly on semifossorial species, have not been extensively studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kangaroo Rat Population Response to Seismic Surveys for Hydrocarbon Reserves

Cypher

Saslaw

Job

et al. 2016

Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management

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Seismic surveys are a method used to locate commercially producible deposits of crude oil and natural gas. These surveys entail generating energy waves that reflect off of subterranean strata and return to the surface where they are recorded and interpreted. In the southern San Joaquin Valley of California, a region rich in hydrocarbon deposits, the two common methods of creating these energy waves include detonating buried explosive charges (“shot-hole” method) and generating strong ground-penetrating vibrations (“vibroseis” method). However, this region also supports many species of conservation concern, including several endemic species of kangaroo rats (Dipodomys spp.). We investigated the effects of a seismic survey on kangaroo rats, including two rare species, the giant kangaroo rat Dipodomys ingens and the short-nosed kangaroo rat Dipodomys nitratoides brevinasus, to determine whether seismic survey activities reduced kangaroo rat abundance, survival, or condition. In 2011, we established 18 study plots: eight subjected to shot-holes, six subjected to vibroseis, and eight controls with no energy source activities. A live-trap grid consisting of 30 traps was established on each plot, and kangaroo rats were captured and marked for four consecutive nights during trapping sessions 1–2 wk before the seismic survey (presurvey), 1–2 wk after the survey (postsurvey), and 5 mo after the survey (long term). Based on capture rates of unique individuals, abundance was similar among shot-hole, vibroseis, and control plots in each of the trapping sessions. Based on recaptures of marked individuals from previous sessions, survival was similar among treatments. Based on mass measurements, condition was similar among treatments. We did not detect adverse impacts to kangaroo rats from a seismic survey; in part, the lack of impacts detected may have been attributable to mitigation measures implemented to avoid or reduce adverse effects. These measures included restricting vibroseis trucks to existing roads, limiting off-road vehicle activity to small tractor-mounted drilling rigs with balloon tires, and attempting to avoid all kangaroo rat burrows by at least 10 m. Similar measures are recommended for any future seismic surveys in this region and elsewhere when burrowing species of conservation concern may be present.

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Responses of Grizzly Bears to Seismic Surveys in Northern Alaska

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Assessing the cumulative effects of linear recreation routes on wildlife habitats on the Okanogan and Wenatchee National Forests.

Assessing the cumulative effects of linear recreation routes on wildlife habitats on the Okanogan and Wenatchee National Forests.

Physiological reactions to capture in hibernating brown bears

Kangaroo Rat Population Response to Seismic Surveys for Hydrocarbon Reserves

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