Responses of guinea pig primary vestibular neurons to clicks

Murofushi, Toshihisa; Curthoys, Ian S.; An, Topple; Colebatch, James G.; Gm, Halmagyi

doi:10.1007/bf00241975

Cited by 326 publications

(226 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…According to Broussard et al (1995), the median latency of crossed, excitatory response was 1.5 ms. Given the 0.9 ms median latency of click-evoked responses of vestibular afferents (Murofushi et al 1995), the 2.55 ms median latency of click-evoked crossed, excitatory response of abducens neurons is consistent with the activation of the disynaptic direct VOR pathways. Fourth, we compared the latencies of abducens neurons and the second order vestibular nuclei neurons to ipsilateral clicks.…”

Section: Click Activates Both Canal and Otolith Vor Pathwayssupporting

confidence: 56%

“…This may be justified by the conservative nature of the vestibular peripheral end organs. According to Murofushi et al (1995), the minimum latency of clickevoked vestibular afferent response was 0.4 ms in guinea pigs, which was very close to the 0.33 ms minimum latency of short electric pulse-evoked vestibular afferent response in squirrel monkeys (Goldberg et al 1984). The extreme short latency is one of the most prominent features of acoustic activation of the vestibular system, but we know little about how it occurs.…”

Section: Click Activates Both Canal and Otolith Vor Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 71%

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Acoustic Clicks Activate both the Canal and Otolith Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Pathways in Behaving Monkeys

Simpson

Tang

et al. 2009

JARO

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Acoustic activation of the vestibular system has been well documented in humans and animal models. In the past decade, sound-evoked myogenic potentials in the sternocleidomastoid muscle (cVEMP) and the extraocular muscles (oVEMP) have been extensively studied, and their potentials as new tests for vestibular function have been widely recognized. However, the extent to which sound activates the otolith and canal pathways remains controversial. In the present study, we examined this issue in a recently developed nonhuman primate model of acoustic activation of the vestibular system, i.e., sound-evoked vestibuloocular reflexes (VOR) in behaving monkeys. To determine whether the canal and otolith VOR pathways are activated by sound, we analyzed abducens neurons' responses to clicks that were delivered into either ear. The main finding was that clicks evoked short-latency excitatory responses in abducens neurons on both sides. The latencies of the two responses, however, were different. The mean latency of the contralateral and ipsilateral abducens neurons was 2.44±0.4 and 1.65±0.28 ms, respectively. A further analysis of the excitatory latencies, in combination with the known canal and otolith VOR pathways, suggests that the excitatory responses of the contralateral abducens neurons were mediated by the contralateral disynaptic VOR pathways that connect the lateral canal to the contralateral abducens neurons, and the excitatory responses of the ipsilateral abducens neurons were mediated by the ipsilateral monosynaptic VOR pathways that connect the utricle to the ipsilateral abducens neurons. These results provide new insights into the understanding of the neural basis for sound-evoked vestibular responses, which is essential for developing new tests for both canal and otolith functions in humans.

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Section: Click Activates Both Canal and Otolith Vor Pathwayssupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Click Activates Both Canal and Otolith Vor Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 71%

Acoustic Clicks Activate both the Canal and Otolith Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Pathways in Behaving Monkeys

Simpson

Tang

et al. 2009

JARO

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“…VEMPs are proposed to be generated via a disynaptic pathway, beginning in the saccular macula, then via the inferior vestibular nerve, lateral vestibular nucleus, medial vestibulospinal tract, and finally terminating on the motor neurons of the SCM muscle [4][5][6]. Through the efforts during past decade, VEMPs have been validated to reflect the sacculo-collic reflex, and widely used clinically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials: optimal stimulation and clinical application

Young

2006

J Biomed Sci

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SummaryBy easily stimulating the ear with loud sound and recording on tonically contracted neck muscles, vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) test can reflect inner ear function other than the cochlea and semicircular canal. This expands the test battery for clinicians to explore saccular disease, adding a potential usefulness to the sacculo-collic reflex. The ideal stimulation mode for VEMPs is as follows: 95 dB tone bursts, frequency 500 Hz, stimulation repetition rate 5 Hz, rise/fall time 1 ms, plateau 2 ms, binaural stimulation with bilateral recordings. Animal model using guinea pigs has been established, which sets the stage for useful future studies investigating VEMPs in guinea pigs that would appear to resemble human VEMP responses. Clinically, VEMP test has been widely used in central and peripheral vestibular disorders.

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“…For example, the origins of the cVEMP responses have yet to be elucidated. In contrast to the earlier reports that identified the saccule as the sole source of the cVEMPs (Murofushi et al 1995;Todd et al 2000), recent animal studies have demonstrated sound sensitivity in vestibular afferents from the semicircular canals and the utricle (Zhou et al 2004(Zhou et al , 2005(Zhou et al , 2007Xu et al 2009;Zhu et al 2011 and2014). Our recent human study (Wei et al 2013) also showed that cVEMP frequency tuning curves are better modeled as a summation of two mass spring systems with resonance frequencies of 300 and 1000 Hz.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 52%

The Cervical Vestibular-Evoked Myogenic Potentials (cVEMPs) Recorded Along the Sternocleidomastoid Muscles During Head Rotation and Flexion in Normal Human Subjects

Ashford

Huang

Zhang

et al. 2016

JARO

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Tone burst-evoked myogenic potentials recorded from tonically contracted sternocleidomastoid muscles (SCM) (cervical VEMP or cVEMP) are widely used to assess the vestibular function. Since the cVEMP response is mediated by the vestibulo-collic reflex (VCR) pathways, it is important to understand how the cVEMPs are determined by factors related to either the sensory components (vestibular end organs) or the motor components (SCM) of the VCR pathways. Compared to the numerous studies that have investigated effects of sound parameters on the cVEMPs, there are few studies that have examined effects of SCM-related factors on the cVEMPs. The goal of the present study is to fill this knowledge gap by testing three SCM-related hypotheses. The first hypothesis is that contrary to the current view, the cVEMP response is only present in the SCM ipsilateral to the stimulated ear. The second hypothesis is that the cVEMP response is not only dependent on tonic level of the SCM, but also on how the tonic level is achieved, i.e., by head rotation or head flexion. The third hypothesis is that the SCM is compartmented and the polarity of the cVEMP response is dependent on the recording site. Seven surface electrodes were positioned along the left SCMs in 12 healthy adult subjects, and tone bursts were delivered to the ipsilateral or contralateral ear (8 ms plateau, 1 ms rise/fall, 130 dB SPL, 50-4000 Hz) while subjects activated their SCMs by head rotation (HR condition) or chin downward head flexion (CD condition). The first hypothesis was confirmed by the finding that the contralateral cVEMPs were minimal at all recording sites for all the tested tones during both HR and CD conditions. The second hypothesis was confirmed by the finding that the ipsilateral cVEMPs were larger in HR condition than in CD condition at recording sites above and below the SCM midpoint. Finally, the third hypothesis was confirmed by the finding that the cVEMPs exhibit reversed polarities at the sites near the mastoid and the sternal head. These results improve understanding of the cVEMP generation and suggest that the SCM-related factors should be taken into consideration when developing standardized clinical cVEMP testing protocols.

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Responses of guinea pig primary vestibular neurons to clicks

Cited by 326 publications

References 18 publications

Acoustic Clicks Activate both the Canal and Otolith Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Pathways in Behaving Monkeys

Acoustic Clicks Activate both the Canal and Otolith Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Pathways in Behaving Monkeys

Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials: optimal stimulation and clinical application

The Cervical Vestibular-Evoked Myogenic Potentials (cVEMPs) Recorded Along the Sternocleidomastoid Muscles During Head Rotation and Flexion in Normal Human Subjects

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