Responses of Gut Microbiota and Glucose and Lipid Metabolism to Prebiotics in Genetic Obese and Diet-Induced Leptin-Resistant Mice

Everard, Amandine; Lazarević, Vladimir; Derrien, Muriel; Girard, Myriam; Muccioli, Giulio G.; Neyrinck, Audrey M.; Possemiers, Sam; Holle, Ann Van; François, Patrice; Vos, Willem M. de; Delzenne, Nathalie M.; Schrenzel, Jacques; Cani, Patrice D.

doi:10.2337/db11-0227

Cited by 936 publications

(757 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Fermentable dietary fibres as short-chain FOS can be supplemented in foods to induce satiety and thus prevent obesity (Hess et al, 2011). Everard et al (2011) investigated that in obese mice, prebiotic feeding decreased firmicutes abundance with simultaneous improvement in glucose tolerance, reduced fat accumulation, oxidative stress and inflammation.…”

Section: Anti-obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Prebiotics: An Emerging Nutritional Approach for Improving Gut Health of Livestock and Poultry

Samal¹,

Behura²

2015

Asian J. of Animal and Veterinary Advances

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The complex interactions between diet, intestinal mucosa and intestinal microbiota affect health status in livestock and poultry. Various approaches have been tried to exploit this relationship for achieving maximum health benefits and supplementation of prebiotics constitutes one of them. Now a days prebiotics have become news mainly as an alternative to probiotics, which are difficult to handle in foodstuffs, but whose benefits to gut health are well established. Commercially available prebiotics are mostly inulin, fructo-oligosaccharides, mannan-oligosaccharides, galacto-oligosaccharides, transgalacto-oligosaccharides, lactulose and oligochitosan, etc. Prebiotics selectively stimulate the growth of Bifidobacterium sp., Lactobacillus sp. and certain butyrate producing bacteria and suppress the growth of toxogenic Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, Streptococcus sp., peptococci, bacilli, Staphylococcus sp., Salmonella enteritidis, Campylobacter sp., bacteriodaeceae, pseudomonad, yeast and mould. Dietary supplementation of prebiotics improve a plethora of gut health attributes like hindgut fermentation, gut mucosal integrity, lipid and glucose homeostasis, mineral bio-availability and immune response in livestock and poultry owing to which many feed and pharma industries have been established. Their inclusion in diet can also suppress boar taint, control faecal odour, prevent colon cancer and reduce infestation of several parasites such as Ascaris sp., Trichuris sp. and Oesophagostomum dentatum. Their satietogenic effect results from decline in ghrelin secretion which in turn regulates body weight gain in obese animals. Prebiotics may eventually replace the role of antibiotics as growth stimulants in fishery, poultry and animal husbandry sectors. Because of all these multitude of benefits, inclusion of prebiotics in basal diet should be taken into consideration while preparing formula feed for livestock and poultry.

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Section: Anti-obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Prebiotics: An Emerging Nutritional Approach for Improving Gut Health of Livestock and Poultry

Samal¹,

Behura²

2015

Asian J. of Animal and Veterinary Advances

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“…Among the four predominant bacterial phyla present in humans and mice [30] – namely Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria – significant differences in the ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes (B/F) between obese and lean humans and rodents have been noted [31,32]. A relatively lower population of Bacteroidetes with a corresponding increase in Firmicutes was noted in some studies when comparing obese and lean individuals [33,34]. However, shifts to lower B/F ratios have also been reported elsewhere, suggesting that the functional role of gut microbiota in obesity remains unclear and must be investigated [35,36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polygala tenuifolia extract inhibits lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high-fat diet–induced obese mouse model and affects hepatic transcriptome and gut microbiota profiles

Wang

Yen

Cheng

et al. 2017

Food & Nutrition Research

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Obesity, the excessive accumulation of lipids in the body, is closely associated with many prevalent human disorders. Continued efforts to identify plant extracts that exhibit anti-obesity effects have drawn much attention. This study investigated whether a Polygala tenuifolia extract (PTE) possesses anti-obesity activity and how PTE may affect liver gene expression and gut microbiota. We used 3T3-L1 adipocytes and a high-fat diet–induced obese mouse model to determine the effects of PTE on lipid accumulation. Next-generation sequencing analysis of liver gene expression and gut microbiota profiles following PTE treatment were conducted to elucidate possible mechanisms. We found that treatment of fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes with PTE inhibited lipid accumulation in the cells through reducing lipid formation and triglyceride content and by increasing lipase activity. No cytotoxicity was observed from the PTE treatment. After 5 weeks of treatment with PTE, the increased body weight, elevated serum triglyceride content, and liver steatosis in the high-fat diet–induced obese mice were each reduced. Liver transcriptomic analysis revealed that expression of genes involved in lipid and cholesterol metabolism was significantly altered. The low-grade chronic inflammation of obesity caused by a high-fat diet was also decreased after PTE treatment. In addition, treatment with PTE improved the relatively low Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio in the gut of high-fat diet–fed mice through enrichment of the Proteobacteria population and reduction of the Deferribacteres population. In conclusion, treatment with PTE inhibited lipid accumulation by inducing the expression of the master transcription factor PPARα, attenuated the low-grade chronic inflammation of obesity, and also altered gut microbiota profiles. These results indicate that PTE has the potential to be developed into an anti-obesity food supplement and therapy. Abbreviations: Abcg5: ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 5; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AMPK: adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; B/F: Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes [ratio]; C/EBPα: CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha; CR: creatinine; Cyp51: cytochrome P450 family 51; DMEM: Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium; Fabp5: fatty acid-binding protein 5; FBS: fetal bovine serum; Fdps: farnesyl diphosphate synthase; Glc: Glucose; HFD: high-fat diet; GO: gene ontology; HPRT: hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase; IBMS: 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine; Idi1: isopentenyl-diphosphate delta isomerase 1; IL-1β: interleukin-1-beta; Lpin1: phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; Mvd: mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase; ND: normal diet; OTU: operational taxonomic units; Pcsk9: proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9; Pctp: phosphatidylcholine transfer protein; PPARα: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha; PPARγ: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma; PTE: Polygala tenuifolia extract; Saa1: serum amyloid A1; SD: ...

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“…Furthermore, nutrients with prebiotic properties induced qualitative changes in the composition of the gastrointestinal microbiota and peptide release (e.g., glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)) similar to those seen after dieting. In diet-induced obese and type 2 diabetic (T2DM) mice the release of gut peptides induced by treatment with prebiotics improved glucose and lipid metabolism as well as systemic inflammation [6]. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is currently, the most effective strategy for long term weight loss maintenance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery in rats alters gut microbiota profile along the intestine

Osto

Abegg

Bueter

et al. 2013

Physiology & Behavior

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Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery might modify the gut microbiota composition differently in the three distinct anatomical sections of the small intestine compared to sham surgery. We showed that RYGB induced changes in the microbiota of the alimentary limb and the common channel resembling those seen after prebiotic treatment or weight loss by dieting. These changes may be associated with altered production of intestinal hormones known to control energy balance. Postsurgical modulation of gut microbiota may significantly contribute to the beneficial metabolic effects of RYGB surgery. Abstract: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery might modify the gut microbiota composition differently in the three distinct anatomical sections of small intestine compared to sham surgery. We showed that RYGB induced changes in the microbiota of the alimentary limb and the common channel resembling those seen after prebiotics treatment or weight loss by dieting. These changes may be associated with altered production of intestinal hormones known to control energy balance. Postsurgical modulation of gut microbiota may significantly contribute to the beneficial metabolic effects of RYGB surgery. 1 Title pageTitle: Roux-en-y gastric bypass surgery in rats alters gut microbiota profile along the intestine. Running head:Bariatric surgery alters gut microbiota. Authors:MELANIA AbstractRoux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery might modify the gut microbiota composition differently in the three distinct anatomical sections of small intestine compared to sham surgery. We showed that RYGB induced changes in the microbiota of the alimentary limb and the common channel resembling those seen after prebiotics treatment or weight loss by dieting. These changes may be associated with altered production of intestinal hormones known to control energy balance. Postsurgical modulation of gut microbiota may significantly contribute to the beneficial metabolic effects of RYGB surgery.

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Responses of Gut Microbiota and Glucose and Lipid Metabolism to Prebiotics in Genetic Obese and Diet-Induced Leptin-Resistant Mice

Cited by 936 publications

References 51 publications

Prebiotics: An Emerging Nutritional Approach for Improving Gut Health of Livestock and Poultry

Prebiotics: An Emerging Nutritional Approach for Improving Gut Health of Livestock and Poultry

Polygala tenuifolia extract inhibits lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high-fat diet–induced obese mouse model and affects hepatic transcriptome and gut microbiota profiles

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery in rats alters gut microbiota profile along the intestine

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