Responses of Intact and Scarified Curly Dock (<i>Rumex crispus</i>) Seeds to Physical and Chemical Stimuli

Hemmat, Minou; Guangwen, Zeng; Khan, Anwar A.

doi:10.1017/s0043174500083041

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The increase in germination with cold treatment and mechanical wear is in accordance with results from studies of other shingle beach species (Baron and Binet 1964; Hemmat et al 1985; Walmsley and Davy 1997). The importance of the cold period for the germination of M. maritima suggested by previous experiments (Scott 1963) was confirmed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…exposure of the seed to saline conditions). Other studies of beach plants have observed both positive (Hemmat et al 1985) and negative (Erickson and Young 1995) effects of scarification prior to osmotic treatment. However, as the experimental conditions (notably the osmotic solutions and cold treatments) in these studies were different, the results are not directly comparable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…For example, we know from many germination experiments that moderate damage to the diaspore (scarification) affects the germinability of a wide range of species (e.g. Baron and Binet 1964; Oelke and Albrecht 1978; Hemmat et al 1985; Jones and Nielson 1992; Walmsley and Davy 1997). However, few studies have considered the effects of scarification on dispersal ability, survival during dispersal, and germination following dispersal.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Diaspore ecology ofMertensia maritima: effects of physical treatments and their relative timing on dispersal and germination

Skarpaas¹

2001

Oikos

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Skarpaas, O. and Stabbetorp, O. E. 2001. Diaspore ecology of Mertensia maritima: effects of physical treatments and their relative timing on dispersal and germination. -Oikos 95: 374-382.This paper reports an experimental study of water dispersal potential and germination of the shingle beach plant Mertensia maritima in which we consider the effects of physical factors (cold treatment, mechanical wear of the pericarp and salt-water exposure) on the diaspores. Our approach also includes testing effects of different orders of the treatments, in contrast to most earlier studies of diaspore ecology. A cold period was necessary to break seed dormancy, and prolonged cold treatment (stratification at 2°C) enhanced germination. Mechanical wear of the pericarp before cold treatment did not affect germination, whereas mechanical wear after cold treatment increased germination significantly. Seeds exposed to 6 weeks of cold treatment before floating in salt water for 6 weeks did not germinate. In contrast, for seeds given the same cold treatment after floating, the germination was more than 50%. Most undamaged and slightly damaged nutlets stayed afloat throughout the dispersal experiment (9 weeks) in 3% salt water, whereas seeds that fell out of damaged nutlets sunk immediately. Thus, the results suggest that the potential for long-distance dispersal is high unless the diaspores (nutlets) are severely damaged, but the order of cold treatment and water dispersal seems to be of great importance for germination: seeds dispersed in autumn (before cold periods) have a much higher probability of germinating than seeds dispersed in winter or early spring (after a cold period). Similar effects of the relative timing of physical processes have hitherto only been reported for two other water-dispersed beach plants. Future studies in diaspore ecology should consider such timing effects as they may be important determinants of the distribution and abundance of plants.Ecological processes affecting diaspores have more often than not been ignored by students of plant ecology, population biology and demography because they are difficult to observe. However, the recent interest in spatial ecology Kareiva 1997, Dale 1999) and metapopulation biology Gilpin 1996, Hanski 1999) has brought attention to these processes because of their great potential impact on the spatial redistribution of individuals (and genes) that occurs in the diaspore-connected life stages of plants. It has been claimed that one of the greatest obstacles to advances in plant metapopulation biology is the lack of detailed knowledge about migration and colonisation (Husband and Barrett 1996).Two of the most critical processes in this respect are dispersal and germination. Dispersal ability and germination demands vary considerably among species. Detailed knowledge about factors affecting the diaspores of a given species and how these factors interact is therefore needed to understand local and regional population dynamics and to assess population viability. Because of...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diaspore ecology ofMertensia maritima: effects of physical treatments and their relative timing on dispersal and germination

Skarpaas¹

2001

Oikos

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“…Weed seed dormancy has a major impact on the ap pearance of herbicide resistance (13,14,15,16), and dormancy can be altered dramatically by covering layers and/or pericarp damage (11,19,22,29,30). Pericarp damage to wheat during combine harvesting is well documented (3,4,5,18,23,24,26).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Curly dock achenes do not enter dormancy, but burial excludes the light necessary for germination (6).Such burial reportedly preserves the viability of curly dock seed in soil for 20 to100 yr (25, 28, 33). How ever, scarification removes the light requirement for germination(19,32). Acid or mechanical scarifica tion can increase germination of Venice mallow and many Chenopodium spp.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Combine Harvesting Affects Weed Seed Germination

Currie

Peeper

1988

Weed technol.

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Seed of three weed species collected from the grain bins of combines while standing hard red winter wheat was harvested germinated better than hand-harvested seed. Combine-harvested curly dock seed germinated from 4 to 24% more than hand-harvested seed. Curly dock seed harvested with a commercial-type combine germinated better than those harvested with a small-plot combine. Harvesting slimleaf lambsquarters and Venice mallow seed with a commercial-type combine also enhanced germination compared to hand-harvested seed.

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