Responses of Maize to Plant Population Density. II. Reproductive Development, Yield, and Yield Adjustments

Tetio-Kagho, F.; Gardner, F. P.

doi:10.2134/agronj1988.00021962008000060019x

Cited by 117 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Kixxo. Similar results were reported by Machul [41], Tetio-Kagho and Gardner [42], and Begna, Hamilton, Dwyer, Stewart, & Smith [43] who found that increased seeding rates led to a decrease in the weight, length and diameter of ears as well as in the weight and number of kernels per ear in maize grown for grain.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

The Effect of Seeding Rate on Selected Physical Parameters and the Biomass Yield of Maize

Markowski¹,

Lipiński²,

Kaliniewicz³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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This study investigates the effect of the seeding rate of two hybrid cultivars of maize harvested for silage on selected, i.e.: physical parameters (stem length, stem diameter, total plant weight and weight of ears with husks), fresh weight yield and ear yield of maize plants. A field experiment was carried out in 2011-2013 on soil of weak rye complex (cv. Kosmo) and a good rye complex (cv. Kixxo). The results were processed by one-way analysis of variance, correlation analysis and regression analysis. The analyses revealed that at constant inter-row spacing of 0.75 m, seeding rate (6.5 to 11.9 seeds•m -2 for cv. Kosmo and 8 to 12•m -2 for cv. Kixxo) significantly (α=0.05) influenced the evaluated parameters. Higher plant density lowered the weight of plants and ears and resulted in lower stem diameter. Plants grown in treatments with lower seeding rates were larger and heavier. In cv. Kosmo, the highest total yield and ear yield were noted at the seeding rate of 11•m -2 . Maize plants cv. Kixxo sown at the rate of 12•m -2 were characterized by the highest fresh weight yield and the highest yield of ears with husks. A set of equations were developed to analyze the correlations between seeding rate and the physical parameters of maize plants and between seeding rate vs. green fodder yield and ear yield.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

The Effect of Seeding Rate on Selected Physical Parameters and the Biomass Yield of Maize

Markowski¹,

Lipiński²,

Kaliniewicz³

et al. 2018

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, although at low plant densities, increasing the number of plants per unit area results in proportional increments in crop yield, above certain plant densities the marginal increment of yield with increased population decreases, approaching zero, and may eventually become negative (Tetio-Kagho, 1988;Sangoi et al, 2002). The results presented here suggest that enhanced PHYB levels could be used in breeding programs to shift optimum crop densities to higher values.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Increased Phytochrome B Alleviates Density Effects on Tuber Yield of Field Potato Crops

et al. 2003

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The possibility that reduced photomorphogenic responses could increase field crop yield has been suggested often, but experimental support is still lacking. Here, we report that ectopic expression of the Arabidopsis PHYB (phytochrome B) gene, a photoreceptor involved in detecting red to far-red light ratio associated with plant density, can increase tuber yield in field-grown transgenic potato (Solanum tuberosum) crops. Surprisingly, this effect was larger at very high densities, despite the intense reduction in the red to far-red light ratios and the concomitant narrowed differences in active phytochrome B levels between wild type and transgenics at these densities. Increased PHYB expression not only altered the ability of plants to respond to light signals, but they also modified the light environment itself. This combination resulted in larger effects of enhanced PHYB expression on tuber number and crop photosynthesis at high planting densities. The PHYB transgenics showed higher maximum photosynthesis in leaves of all strata of the canopy, and this effect was largely due to increased leaf stomatal conductance. We propose that enhanced PHYB expression could be used in breeding programs to shift optimum planting densities to higher levels.The world population is predicted to reach 8 billion by 2025, and this, in combination with current trends in dietary composition, will result in a substantial increase of food demand. The ability to satisfy this demand will rely heavily on the genetic improvement of cultivated plants to increase yield potentials and/or yield stability (i.e. the constancy of performance; Khush, 2001). Although yield per unit area continues to increase for many crops, maximum yield is not showing such an obvious trend, and this has been interpreted as a result of yield potential approaching a ceiling, whereas yield stability continues to grow (Mann, 1999). Although some consider that this ceiling represents the highest physically attainable yield (Sinclair, 1993), others are more confident that incorporation of the current wealth of knowledge in plant biology will overcome the decreasing rate of increase in yield potential. However, genetic modifications that appear beneficial when analyzed at the cellular or plant level do not necessarily translate into higher yields in the field, either because of negative side effects or simply because they do not operate on the limitations under field conditions.As incident solar radiation penetrates the canopy of commercial crops, it suffers a gradual attenuation of the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and of the red (R) to far-red (FR) ratio (Holmes and Smith, 1977). Changes in the R to FR ratio perceived by phytochromes initiate a number of responses such as increased stem extension growth (Morgan and Smith, 1976), reduced branching (Deregibus et al., 1983), and accelerated leaf senescence (Rousseaux et al., 1999), which are collectively called the shade avoidance syndrome (Smith, 2000). In growing canopies, some of these changes anticipate com...

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“…For example, the effect of plant density on leaf area expansion through two parts i.e., lamina length and lamina width, the first being consistently decreased in both lower and upper phytomers [36] whereas the second being increased in lower phytomers and decreased in upper phytomers [37]. Increasing panting density accelerated leaf senescence [38], increased the shading of leaves [18], and reduced the net assimilation of individual plants.…”

Section: Plant Density Effect On Canopy Morphology Of Maize Cropmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Maize Grown Under High Plant Density; Performance, Issues and Management - A Critical Review

Sher¹,

Khan²,

Cai³

et al. 2017

Adv Crop Sci Tech

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Modern cropping is based on relatively high plant density. The improved grain yield per unit area of modern maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids is due to the increased optimum plant population rather than the improved grain yield per plant. High plant density has been widely used to enhance grain yield in maize. Subsequently we review the effect of planting density on physiology, phenology, morphology, nitrogen use efficiency, water use efficiency grain yield information in maize crop. At higher plant populations reduced grain yield also results from the increased pollento-silking interval and the following barrenness. However, it may lead to higher risk lodging hence causing significant yield loss of the crop. Future insights are morphological and physiological basis controlling barren and stalk lodging resistance. How root traits, and anatomy of sheath and stem of maize plants correspond to high plant population and a further study on the physiological and biological basis of organ development that may govern the mechanisms of high plant density would be essential for future research.

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Responses of Maize to Plant Population Density. II. Reproductive Development, Yield, and Yield Adjustments

Cited by 117 publications

References 13 publications

The Effect of Seeding Rate on Selected Physical Parameters and the Biomass Yield of Maize

The Effect of Seeding Rate on Selected Physical Parameters and the Biomass Yield of Maize

Increased Phytochrome B Alleviates Density Effects on Tuber Yield of Field Potato Crops

Response of Maize Grown Under High Plant Density; Performance, Issues and Management - A Critical Review

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