Responses of marine ecosystem to typhoon passages in the western subtropical North Pacific

Shibano, Ryota; Yamanaka, Yasuhiro; Okada, Naosuke; Chuda, Takashi; Suzuki, Shinichi; Niino, Hiroshi; Toratani, Mitsuhiro

doi:10.1029/2011gl048717

Cited by 40 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…S2f). This differs from the traditional method of composite for anecdotal events67891112131415, which fixes the calendar period instead, yielding different duration times after TC-passage for different locations. We repeat the procedure for each TC and then average over all of them.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Rainfall-enhanced blooming in typhoon wakes

Lin

Oey

2016

Sci Rep

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Strong phytoplankton blooming in tropical-cyclone (TC) wakes over the oligotrophic oceans potentially contributes to long-term changes in global biogeochemical cycles. Yet blooming has traditionally been discussed using anecdotal events and its biophysical mechanics remain poorly understood. Here we identify dominant blooming patterns using 16 years of ocean-color data in the wakes of 141 typhoons in western North Pacific. We observe right-side asymmetric blooming shortly after the storms, attributed previously to sub-mesoscale re-stratification, but thereafter a left-side asymmetry which coincides with the left-side preference in rainfall due to the large-scale wind shear. Biophysical model experiments and observations demonstrate that heavier rainfall freshens the near-surface water, leading to stronger stratification, decreased turbulence and enhanced blooming. Our results suggest that rainfall plays a previously unrecognized, critical role in TC-induced blooming, with potentially important implications for global biogeochemical cycles especially in view of the recent and projected increases in TC-intensity that harbingers stronger mixing and heavier rain under the storm.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Rainfall-enhanced blooming in typhoon wakes

Lin

Oey

2016

Sci Rep

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“…Shibano et al . [] showed that without biogeochemical processes, the increase in Chl a in a numerical model was much smaller than observation, indicating that the biogeochemical processes are essential factors related to surface phytoplankton increases. However, they did not quantify the contributions of physical and biogeochemical processes to the increases in the surface phytoplankton.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributions of physical and biogeochemical processes to phytoplankton biomass enhancement in the surface and subsurface layers during the passage of Typhoon Damrey

et al. 2017

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In this study, a one‐dimensional physical‐biogeochemical coupled model was established to investigate the responses of the upper ocean to Typhoon Damrey in the basin area of the South China Sea. The surface chlorophyll a concentration (Chl a) increased rapidly from 0.07 to 0.17 mg m−3 when the typhoon arrived and then gradually reached a peak of 0.61 mg m−3 after the typhoon's passage. The subsurface Chl a decreased from 0.34 to 0.17 mg m−3 as the typhoon arrived and then increased gradually to 0.71 mg m−3. Analyses of model results indicated that the initial rapid increase in the surface Chl a and the decrease in the subsurface Chl a were caused mainly by physical process (vertical mixing), whereas the subsequent gradual increases in the Chl a in both the surface and subsurface layers were due mainly to biogeochemical processes (net growth of phytoplankton). The gradual increase in the Chl a lasted for longer in the subsurface layer than in the surface layer. Typhoon Damrey yielded an integrated primary production (IPP) of 6.5 × 103 mg C m−2 (~14% of the annual IPP in this region).

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“…Our goal here is to explain the mechanisms that lead to the bloom asymmetry through idealized biophysical model experiments. Previous model studies examined specific responses under realistic [ Liu et al ., ; Zheng et al ., ; Chiang et al ., ] or idealized [ Shibano et al ., ] regional setting, at grid sizes ranging from 6.25 km [ Chiang et al ., ] to 25 km [ Zheng et al ., ]; except Price et al . [] which was a process study using a 15 km grid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Right‐side cooling and phytoplankton bloom in the wake of a tropical cyclone

Huang

Oey

2015

JGR Oceans

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The rightward tendency (in northern hemisphere) of enhanced phytoplankton bloom often observed in the wake of a tropical cyclone has commonly been attributed to the rightward bias of mixing due to stronger wind and wind‐current resonance. We demonstrated using a high‐resolution biophysical model that vertical mixing alone resulted only in weak asymmetry after the passage of the storm. The enhanced bloom was caused instead by decreased turbulence due to restratification by submesoscale recirculation cells preferentially produced on the right side, rightward shift of cool isotherms, and spin‐up of a subsurface jet. We showed using a two‐time scale asymptotic expansion that these slower‐evolving features were forced by resonance Reynolds stresses of the energetic and rapidly oscillating near‐inertial internal waves.

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Responses of marine ecosystem to typhoon passages in the western subtropical North Pacific

Cited by 40 publications

References 17 publications

Rainfall-enhanced blooming in typhoon wakes

Rainfall-enhanced blooming in typhoon wakes

Contributions of physical and biogeochemical processes to phytoplankton biomass enhancement in the surface and subsurface layers during the passage of Typhoon Damrey

Right‐side cooling and phytoplankton bloom in the wake of a tropical cyclone

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