Responses of milk production of dairy cows to jugular infusions of a mixture of essential amino acids with or without exclusion leucine or arginine

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine effects of jugular infusion of either balanced or imbalanced amino acid mixture on milk production and composition in dairy cows. Eight mid-lactation Holstein cows were randomly assigned to 5-d continuous jugular infusions of saline (CTL), essential amino acid (EAA) mixture prepared on the profile of casein (CSN, 160 g/d), EAA mixture excluding leucine (Leu) (−Leu, 163 g/d) or EAA mixture excluding arginine (Arg) (−Arg, 158 g/d) in a duplicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with 4 infusion periods separated by a 7-d interval period. The basal diet was formulated with corn grain, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, corn silage, alfalfa hay and Chinese wildrye grass hay according to NRC (2001) and supplied 1.6 Mcal net energy for lactation (NEL) and 94.4 g metabolizable protein (MP) per kg dry matter (DM) to meet requirements for lactation. The results showed that the dry matter intake (DMI) and normal physiological status were not affected by amino acid mixture infusions. Compared with CTL treatment, the CSN treatment increased milk yield (14.9%, P < 0.001), milk lactose yield (14.5%, P = 0.001), milk fat yield (16.6%, P = 0.01), milk protein yield (18.2%, P < 0.001) and the contents of αS1-casein (αS1-CN, 11.8%, P = 0.007), β-casein (β-CN, 4.2%, P = 0.035) and κ-casein (κ-CN, 8.5%, P = 0.003). However, the −Leu and −Arg treatments had lower milk yield (6.3%, P = 0.058 and 5.7%, P = 0.073, respectively), milk protein yield (8.8%, P = 0.010 and 8.2%, P = 0.011, respectively) and the contents of αS1-CN (7.3%, P = 0.057 and 8.4%, P = 0.026, respectively), β-CN (4.2%, P = 0.033 and 3.8%, P = 0.048, respectively) and κ-CN (5.8%, P = 0.023 and 7.6%, P = 0.003, respectively) than those of the CSN treatment. Milk lactose yield (5.9%, P = 0.076) tended to decrease when Leu was removed from amino acid mixture infusate. In conclusion, the supply of casein profile can increase milk production in dairy cows, but a deficiency of Leu or Arg had negative effects on milk yield and milk protein yield.

Identification of the association between &lt;i&gt;FABP4&lt;/i&gt; gene polymorphisms and milk production traits in Sfakia sheep

“…Clark et al (1975) found that arginine uptake by the mammary gland associated with milk yield in rabbits and cows; however, O'Quinn et al (2002) revealed that the rate of arginine catabolism in the lactating sows was greater than that for the pregnant or non-lactating sows. Furthermore, Tian et al (2017) stated that arginine deficiencies had negative effects on milk yield and milk protein yield. The investigators attributed the effect of arginine to its crucial role in regulating protein turnover in mammary epithelial cells by activating the mechanistic target of the rapamycin (mTOR) cell signaling pathway (Ma et al, 2018).…”

Toll-like receptor 4 gene polymorphisms influence milk production traits in Chinese Holstein cows

“…Dairy products have an important role in human healthy life because of the abundant nutrients and active substances. Milk protein and milk fat are important components of milk that affect dairy industry competitiveness (Tian et al 2017). Mastitis is the most frequent and important disease in dairy cattle worldwide causing great economic losses to the dairy industry.…”

Effects of branched-chain amino acids on glucose uptake and lactose synthesis rates in bovine mammary epithelial cells and lactating mammary tissue slices

“…The significantly decreased FSR for −BCAA while being not affected by −Leu highlights that the other BCAA, Ile, and Val alone or together with Leu could stimulate lactose synthesis independent of glucose uptake. In order for evaluating further the responses for BCAA deficiencies, we performed a meta-analysis (unpublished data) using the methodology described in Appuhamy et al (2013) and data from in vivo studies published in Korhonen et al (2002), Haque et al (2012), andTian et al (2017). In those studies, lactose yields of dairy cows were measured in response to abomasal or intravenous infusions of a complete EAA mixture or the EAA mixtures devoid of individual BCAA.…”