Responses of muscle blood vessels to intra‐arterially and intravenously administered noradrenaline

SUMMARY1. A 20 cm length of the main mesenteric lymph duct in the sheep was cannulated at both ends and measurements were made in both conscious and anaesthetized animals of the ability ofthe duct to pump saline from an inflow reservoir to an outflow at the same height.2. Fluid was propelled only when the lymphatic contracted and this was unaffected by movements of the animal round the cage or by fluctuations in abdominal pressure or by respiratory movements.3. It was confirmed that the mesenteric duct was 'isolated' from the rest of the lymphatic system by closing the inflow tap whereupon fluid propulsion ceased.4. Raising transmural pressure by varying inflow and outflow by the same amount had the effect of increasing fluid output; this was achieved by an increase in both the frequency and force of lymphatic contractions.5. Lymphatic frequency of contraction and fluid output increased when the animals were frightened.6. Intravenous infusions of noradrenaline increased the frequency of lymphatic contraction and increased fluid propulsion, while isoprenaline infusions depressed flow.7. This preparation demonstrates that it is possible to study the control of lymphatic pumping in conscious sheep without the complication of changing rates of lymph formation.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method for studying lymphatic pumping activity in conscious and anaesthetized sheep.

McHale¹,

Thornbury²

1986

“…Isopropylnoradrenaline is, however, much the more powerful dilator, causing sustained dilatation even after intra-arterial administration, whereas comparable doses of adrenaline produce only transient increases in flow (Barcroft & Swan, 1953). The action of isopropylnoradrenaline contrasts strikingly with that of noradrenaline, which has a marked constrictor effect on the blood vessels of muscle (Barcroft & Konzett, 1949;Cobbold & Vass, 1953).…”

Section: F7mentioning

confidence: 94%

Circulatory, respiratory and metabolic responses to isopropylnoradrenaline in man

Cobbold¹,

Ginsburg²,

Paton³

1960

Self Cite

The effects of isopropylnoradrenaline on the heart and peripheral circulation in man were first studied by Barcroft & Konzett (1949). Since trace amounts of this amine have been reported in the adrenal glands of the cat, monkey and man (Lockett, 1954) and in the pulmonary venous blood of cats after stimulation of the cervical sympathetic chain (Lockett, 1957), a more detailed study has been made of its circulatory, respiratory and metabolic effects in man; a preliminary summary of the findings has already been reported (Cobbold, Galbraith, Ginsburg & Paton, 1958). METHODSThe majority of experiments were performed on healthy adults; studies were also made in two patients after cervical sympathectomy and in one subject after lumbar sympathectomy. Subjects were tested at rest after a fast of 8-10 hr.DL-Isopropylnoradrenaline (Isuprel, Winthrop) was infused intravenously in a dose of 0.1 ug/kg body weight/min for 30 min periods; the administration of the amine was preceded and followed by control infusions of sodium chloride solutions 0-9 % (w/v). Ascorbic acid 0-03 % was added to all solutions (Gaddum, Peart & Vogt, 1949).. Blood flow was recorded in hand, foot, forearm, or calf, at half-minute intervals by venous occlusion plethysmography (Barcroft & Swan, 1953). Blood pressure was measured at 2-5 min intervals by means of a sphygmomanometer; pulse rate was counted at the wrist. In some experiments arterial pressure and pulse rate were recorded continuously by a capacitance manometer system connected to a needle inserted into the brachial artery.The rate of respiration was recorded by a chest pneumograph. Pulmonary ventilation was measured over successive 5 min periods by passing the expired air through low-resistance valves into a series of Douglas bags, or through a recording gas meter. In some subjects oxygen consumption was measured with the Benedict-Roth spirometer. In three subjects the pH of the arterial blood was estimated with the glass electrode, precautions being taken to prevent C02 loss from the blood.Blood glucose was estimated by a modified Shaffer-Hartmann method (Haslewood & Strookman, 1939) in samples taken from the ear lobe or brachial artery. Lactic acid was measured by the method of Barker & Summerson (1941) in blood taken from a deep vein of the antecubital fossa.In eighteen experiments isopropylnoradrenaline was infused into a brachial artery for 4-10 min, in doses ranging between 0-05 and 0-2 ,glmin. Blood flow was measured in both hands in twelve of these infusions, and in both forearms in the remainder.

“…The possibility cannot be ruled out, however, that increased lymph flow was a passive consequence of increased arterial pressure. There is evidence that intravenous noradrenaline infusions can produce a transient increase in blood flow which can be prevented by inserting a pressure compensator, indicating that it results from the increased arterial pressure (Cobbold & Vass, 1953). An increased blood flow of this type does not readily explain the lymph flow changes in the present study since their onset was too rapid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of intravenous adrenaline and noradrenaline infusion of peripheral lymph flow in the sheep.

McHale¹,

Roddie²

1983

SUMMARY1. Pressure fluctuations and lymph flow were measured in popliteal, prefemoral and mesenteric efferent lymphatic vessels in conscious sheep.2. Intravenous adrenaline infusion increased frequency of lymphatic contraction and lymph flow in all three vessels. In the case of the prefemoral vessels flow remained high after the infusion had stopped.3. Intravenous noradrenaline infusion also increased frequency of contraction and lymph flow in all three vessels but prefemoral flow was depressed after the infusion had stopped.4. Lymphatic frequency of contraction and lymph flow increased when the animals were startled.5. Anaesthetizing the animals with pentobarbitone did not abolish lymphatic contractions, nor did it prevent the response to adrenaline and noradrenaline infusions.6. The most obvious interpretation of these results is that adrenaline and noradrenaline act by increasing frequency and force of pumping of lymphatic vessels.