Responses of neurons in area 7 of the parietal cortex to objects of different significance

Rolls, Edmund T.; Perrett, David I.; Thorpe, Simon J.; Puerto, Amadeo; Roper-Hall, A; Maddison, S.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(79)90388-3

Cited by 72 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This permutation logic-based coverage of all possible connectivity-patterns can mechanistically account for why researchers reported all sorts of interesting cells in the brain that corresponded to some kind of specific stimulus or multiple stimuli (e.g., syringes, peanuts, faces, hands, the actress Halle Berry, or a nest) or a category of items (e.g., dogs vs. cats, or people vs. other objects; Rolls et al, 1979; Logothetis and Sheinberg, 1996; Fried et al, 1997; Freedman et al, 2003; Hampson et al, 2004; Gross, 2005; Quiroga et al, 2008; Bowers, 2009; Tsao, 2014). Although combining simple stimulus-features from sensory organs for higher cognition were often postulated and reported (Buck and Axel, 1991; Yeshurun and Sobel, 2010; Fu et al, 2015), findings of some cells in a given site which responded to multiple stimuli (as the literature intermittently described in bits and pieces) have reinforced the popular but undue impression that somehow convergence and combination occurred but in a stochastic and random fashion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Computation Is Organized via Power-of-Two-Based Permutation Logic

Xie

Fox

Liu

et al. 2016

Front. Syst. Neurosci.

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There is considerable scientific interest in understanding how cell assemblies—the long-presumed computational motif—are organized so that the brain can generate intelligent cognition and flexible behavior. The Theory of Connectivity proposes that the origin of intelligence is rooted in a power-of-two-based permutation logic (N = 2i–1), producing specific-to-general cell-assembly architecture capable of generating specific perceptions and memories, as well as generalized knowledge and flexible actions. We show that this power-of-two-based permutation logic is widely used in cortical and subcortical circuits across animal species and is conserved for the processing of a variety of cognitive modalities including appetitive, emotional and social information. However, modulatory neurons, such as dopaminergic (DA) neurons, use a simpler logic despite their distinct subtypes. Interestingly, this specific-to-general permutation logic remained largely intact although NMDA receptors—the synaptic switch for learning and memory—were deleted throughout adulthood, suggesting that the logic is developmentally pre-configured. Moreover, this computational logic is implemented in the cortex via combining a random-connectivity strategy in superficial layers 2/3 with nonrandom organizations in deep layers 5/6. This randomness of layers 2/3 cliques—which preferentially encode specific and low-combinatorial features and project inter-cortically—is ideal for maximizing cross-modality novel pattern-extraction, pattern-discrimination and pattern-categorization using sparse code, consequently explaining why it requires hippocampal offline-consolidation. In contrast, the nonrandomness in layers 5/6—which consists of few specific cliques but a higher portion of more general cliques projecting mostly to subcortical systems—is ideal for feedback-control of motivation, emotion, consciousness and behaviors. These observations suggest that the brain’s basic computational algorithm is indeed organized by the power-of-two-based permutation logic. This simple mathematical logic can account for brain computation across the entire evolutionary spectrum, ranging from the simplest neural networks to the most complex.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Computation Is Organized via Power-of-Two-Based Permutation Logic

Xie

Fox

Liu

et al. 2016

Front. Syst. Neurosci.

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show abstract

“…Many convey eye-position signals whether the animal is engaged in a visual fixation task or is simply making eye movements in a totally dark room between trials (170). Fixation neurons do not distinguish the affective nature of visual objects, being equally active for aversive, neutral, or pleasurable stimuli (165). The increments in tonic activity that occur when the animal makes saccades into the gaze field begin after the saccadic eye movement (12).…”

Section: Response Properties Of Ipl Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inferior Parietal Lobule Function in Spatial Perception and Visuomotor Integration

Andersen

1987

Comprehensive Physiology

203

125

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“…Cells in other parts of the dorsal stream code the relative motion and size changes that accompany looming (Rizzolati et al, 1994) as well as the object size, shape and orientation information needed for accurate reaching and grasping (Jeannerod, 1988). Some cells associated with visual fixation and reaching fire independently of whether the target object is desired or not (Rolls et al, 1979). Thus, some spatial ±temporal components are coded even if an object is undesired and reaching does not occur.…”

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confidence: 99%

A computational and neuropsychological account of object‐oriented behaviours in infancy

Mareschal

Plunkett

Harris

1999

Developmental Science

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Infants under 7 months of age fail to reach behind an occluding screen to retrieve a desired toy even though they possess sufficient motor skills to do so. However, even by 3.5 months of age they show surprise if the solidity of the hidden toy is violated, suggesting that they know that the hidden toy still exists. We describe a connectionist model that learns to predict the position of objects and to initiate a response towards these objects. The model embodies the dual-route principle of object information processing characteristic of the cortex. One route develops a spatially invariant surface feature representation of the object whereas the other route develops a feature blind spatial±temporal representation of the object. The model provides an account of the developmental lag between infants' knowledge of hidden objects and their ability to demonstrate that knowledge in an active retrieval task, in terms of the need to integrate information across multiple object representations using (associative) connectionist learning algorithms. Finally, the model predicts the presence of an early dissociation between infants' ability to use surface features (e.g. colour) and spatial ±temporal features (e.g. position) when reasoning about hidden objects. Evidence supporting this prediction has now been reported.

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Responses of neurons in area 7 of the parietal cortex to objects of different significance

Cited by 72 publications

References 11 publications

Brain Computation Is Organized via Power-of-Two-Based Permutation Logic

Brain Computation Is Organized via Power-of-Two-Based Permutation Logic

Inferior Parietal Lobule Function in Spatial Perception and Visuomotor Integration

A computational and neuropsychological account of object‐oriented behaviours in infancy

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