Responses of nonstructural carbohydrates to shoot removal and soil moisture treatments in Salix nigra

Carpenter, L.; Pezeshki, S. R.; Shields, F. Douglas

doi:10.1007/s00468-008-0234-7

Cited by 36 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…As suggested by our data and other studies (Puri and Thompson 2003;Tilley and Hoag 2008;Carpenter et al 2008), with ample water and nutrients available, cuttings have limited reliance on stored carbohydrates once leaves and initial roots are formed. Under high soil water and nutrient conditions, Populus spp.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Development of eastern cottonwood cuttings as modified by cutting length and surface area available for rooting

Schuler

McCarthy

2015

New Forests

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Eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.) is commonly propagated using un-rooted cuttings. While cutting length and diameter, genetics and environmental conditions are often cited as major factors contributing to the successful establishment of cottonwood plantations, it is difficult to determine which specific cutting characteristic or mechanism leads to improved root establishment or plant development. For example, increasing stem size can affect rooting and subsequent plant growth by altering the cutting energy reserves as well as the surface area from which latent roots develop. In this study, the contribution of cutting length and belowground surface area to rooting and early growth was examined for eastern cottonwood. To discern cutting length effects, the belowground portion of four different cutting lengths was restricted so each cutting had the same belowground surface area available for rooting. To discern surface area effects, 40-cm-long cuttings were restricted to produce four different levels of surface area from which roots could develop. Leaf area, stem height, aboveground and belowground biomass, and root numbers were measured after 13 weeks of growth. The only statistically significant relationships related to biomass were due to the initial differences in cutting length. Cuttings with greater surface areas formed more lateral roots, while longer cuttings did not. By contrast, increased cutting lengths resulted in greater numbers of basal roots, but not for cuttings with greater belowground surface areas.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Development of eastern cottonwood cuttings as modified by cutting length and surface area available for rooting

Schuler

McCarthy

2015

New Forests

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“…Concentrations of TNC were also highest in trees cut less frequently compared to trees harvested more frequently in Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) (Garcia et al 2001), in Salix nigra (Carpenter et al 2008) and also in Populus maximowiczii (Henry) (Tschaplinski and Blake 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of continued shoot removal on total nonstructural carbohydrates and regrowth of trees is poorly understood (Carpenter et al 2008;Luostarinen and Kauppi 2005), especially in semi-arid, nutrient-poor rangeland ecosystems. In addition, the role of carbohydrate reserves in regrowth of intensively harvested woody species remains unclear, and therefore merits attention considering that some studies have suggested that trees mobilize stored nitrogen for use in regrowth instead of stored carbohydrates (Druege et al 2000;El Omari et al 2003;Wendler et al 1995;Millard and Proe 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is because vegetative parts need to be maintained to initiate establishment of new photosynthetic surfaces for shoot recovery (Bowen and Pate 1993;Luostarinen and Kauppi 2005;Kozlowski 2002). Some woody plants store enough carbohydrate reserves in stumps and roots to meet more than one resprouting event following a disturbance (Carpenter et al 2008;Luostarinen and Kauppi 2005). To recover after a browsing event which removes leaf material, a plant needs viable meristems and carbon reserves, at least until new shoots become functional and can photosynthesize (Kabeya and Sakai 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of repeated cutting on coppice response of Terminalia sericea

Moyo

Scholes

Twine

2014

Trees

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Key message Although exposure to multiple cutting cycles reduces stored reserves, shoot diameter and shoot length, it, however, increases shoot production per resprouting stump and foliar nitrogen. Abstract In disturbance-prone environments with fluctuating seasonal rainfall such as savannas, the repeated cutting of the same trees eventually results in a possible decline in tree abundance. The effects of subjecting Terminalia sericea trees to one, two and multiple (eight) cutting events over a period of 2 years on coppice response were investigated in a savanna woodland in South Africa. Resprout shoot diameter, shoot length and the total cumulative diameter were lower in trees exposed to a high number of cutting events compared to trees exposed to one cutting event. Increasing the number of cutting events significantly reduced stem total non-structural carbohydrate levels in trees indicating a depletion of stored reserves. Foliar carbon content remained largely the same, while leaf nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations significantly increased with each cutting event, relative to uncut trees. Results indicate that trees cut once had not replenished depleted carbohydrate reserves even after a period of 18 months during which no cutting took place. Sustainable utilization of this tree species must allow for at least more than 18 months of undisturbed growth between harvests to allow for the replenishing of reserves.

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“…Growth performance from cuttings is expected to depend on the available amount and activity of carbohydrates [11] and hormones [12] at planting and may also be dependent on willow clone [13,14]. Cuttings that are non-dormant at planting presumably will establish faster than dormant cuttings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Cutting Phenology (Non-dormant Versus Dormant) on Early Growth Performance of Three Willow Clones Grown Under Different Weed Treatments and Planting Dates

2017

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To assess the effects of cutting phenology on early growth performance of three willow clones grown under different weed treatments and planting dates, freshly harvested (non-dormant) and cold-stored (dormant) cuttings from willow clone Tora, Jorr, and Olof were planted in bucket experiment outdoors in central Sweden on five planting dates (May-June 2013) with or without a model weed (spring barley). Non-dormant cuttings sprouted faster than dormant cuttings when planted early in the season. For cuttings planted later in the season, bud sprouting was affected only by willow clone. Aboveground biomass production was affected by cutting phenology, planting date, clone, and weed treatment. When planted on May 3 and May 10, biomass produced from non-dormant and dormant cuttings did not differ, while willows grown from dormant cuttings produced 59% more aboveground biomass than willows grown from nondormant cuttings when planted on May 24-June 16. Tora produced on average 12% more biomass than Jorr and Olof, and weed competition reduced aboveground biomass production on average with 36%. The ability of willow to suppress weeds (WSA) was 26 (non-dormant cuttings) and 12% (dormant cuttings) higher for willows planted on May 3 compared with WSA of willows grown from cuttings planted later in the season. The ability to tolerate competition from weeds (WT) was 51 and 52% lower for willows grown from non-dormant and dormant cuttings planted late in the season compared with WT of willows planted earlier in the season. We conclude that planting with long-term cold storage of willow cuttings can be replaced with planting freshly harvested cuttings when planting is performed in early season, and that weed competition strongly reduces biomass production. Weed control during the establishment phase is crucial in order to maximize willow biomass production.

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Responses of nonstructural carbohydrates to shoot removal and soil moisture treatments in Salix nigra

Cited by 36 publications

References 34 publications

Development of eastern cottonwood cuttings as modified by cutting length and surface area available for rooting

Development of eastern cottonwood cuttings as modified by cutting length and surface area available for rooting

The effects of repeated cutting on coppice response of Terminalia sericea

Effects of Cutting Phenology (Non-dormant Versus Dormant) on Early Growth Performance of Three Willow Clones Grown Under Different Weed Treatments and Planting Dates

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