Responses of Oil Palm Pollinator,Elaeidobius kamerunicusto Different Concentrations of Estragoles

Abstract

Elaeidobius kamerunicus is the main insect pollinator for oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) worldwide. One of the main reasons E. kamerunicus attracted to oil palm inflorescences is estragole, a volatile organic compound released by the oil palm inflorescences during anthesis stage. However, the amount of estragole released from the oil palm inflorescence is varied due to the influence of abiotic and biotic factors and is seen to have an impact on E. kamerunicus pollination activity on the oil palm. To evaluate the responses of E. kamerunicus, different types (wild and reared) and sex (male and female) of E. kamerunicus were exposed to different concentrations of commercial estragole using a four-arm olfactometer. Results showed that E. kamerunicus significantly preferred one hundred ppm of estragole compared to other concentrations. However, the response of E. kamerunicus was significantly decreased after the concentration value. The result of this study can be a good platform for future references since the estragole compound plays a significant role in oil palms flower pollination by E. kamerunicus.

Elevated ozone and carbon dioxide affects the composition of volatile organic compounds emitted by Vicia faba (L.) and visitation by European orchard bee (Osmia cornuta)

“…In general, nectar volume functions as an attractive factor in bee visits and O 3 makes nectar volume significantly lower than control. Some of the VOCs such estragole, and beta-linalool that we identified are the most dominant VOCs emitted by the flowers of a variety of plant species, especially those attractive to pollinators [ 72 – 74 ]. These VOCs were amongst the most severely affected VOCs by O 3 in our study.…”

“…These VOCs were amongst the most severely affected VOCs by O 3 in our study. Estragole is an important insect pollinator attractant for plants such as oil palm [ 74 ]. Often pollinators react to specific ratios of volatiles in a blend, rather than to specific volatiles.…”

Factors Affecting Pollination and Pollinators in Oil Palm Plantations: A Review with an Emphasis on the Elaeidobius kamerunicus Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

“…E. kamerunicus is reported to favor a certain concentration of estragole. This trait is linked to “multiple functions” in which the weevil’s sensory function is impaired by the high concentration of the compound [ 43 ]. E. kamerunicus is reported to be less attracted at concentrations of estragole lower or higher than 100 ppm [ 43 ].…”

“…This trait is linked to “multiple functions” in which the weevil’s sensory function is impaired by the high concentration of the compound [ 43 ]. E. kamerunicus is reported to be less attracted at concentrations of estragole lower or higher than 100 ppm [ 43 ]. This confers a sustainable advantage to the oil palm as this insect’s behavior enables the insect to forage among healthier palms and avoid unhealthy palms, which often produce higher volatile organic compounds or VOCs than favored by E. kamerunicus [ 43 ].…”

Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pt. Adira Dinamika Multi Finance Cabang Mamuju

“…Kinerja organisasi dapat meningkat ketika karyawan merasa nyaman melakukan aktivitas pekerjaannya, ketika rasa nyaman tercipta maka produktifitas dalam bekerja akan meningkat dan menghasilkan kinerja yang maksimal, begitupun sebaliknya ketika tidak merasa nyaman dalam bekerja maka produktifitas kerja akan menurun dan berpengaruh terhadap turunnya hasil kerja karyawan yang berdampak pada penurunan kinerja organisasi. Fahmi (2021), kinerja merupakan "hasil yang diperoleh oleh suatu organisasi baik itu organisasi tersebut bersifat profit oriented dan non profit oriented yang di hasilkan selama satu periode tertentu".…”