Responses of Plants from Three Successional Communities to a Nutrient Gradient

Parrish, J. A. D.; Bazzaz, F. A.

doi:10.2307/2259876

Cited by 105 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Mature control plants allocated nearly half their biomass to roots, a high proportion for mid-to latesuccessional species (Parrish and Bazzaz 1982). The high root:shoot ratio is partly explained by the weakness of the stem of this vine-forming plant; stems that have not twined around neighbouring vegetation generally cannot support the weight of the fruits and flop to the ground once fruit production is underway.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Response of Pale Swallow-wort, <em>Vincetoxicum rossicum</em>, following Aboveground Tissue Loss: Implications for the Timing of Mechanical Control

McKague

Cappuccino

2005

Can Field Nat

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The growth and reproduction of Pale Swallow-wort, Vincetoxicum rossicum, were investigated following differentially timed above-ground tissue loss by clipping throughout the growing season in Ottawa, Canada. If clipping occurred early in the growing season (before June), mature plants were able to compensate in height but not in biomass or reproductive output when compared to uncut controls. This compensation in height did not seem to come at the expense of below-ground storage tissue; there was no significant difference in root mass among the control and treatment conditions. Final plant height, mass, and reproduction declined as plants were cut later in the season. Pale Swallow-wort seedlings clipped before June were able to compensate in height when compared to uncut controls. Unlike mature plants, this compensation in height did come at the expense of root mass. As the clipping treatment was performed later into the growing season, both final plant height and shoot mass decreased, while root mass increased. The best time for controlling the population spread of Pale Swallow-wort using a single cutting treatment was on or near 26 June. Plants cut earlier than this date were able resprout and produce seeds; those cut after had already produced seeds that appeared viable and may be able to germinate if the cut stems were left in the field. When a single cutting or mowing treatment is to be employed for controlling Pale Swallow-wort, we recommend cutting after the first fruits are produced but before they are fully developed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Response of Pale Swallow-wort, <em>Vincetoxicum rossicum</em>, following Aboveground Tissue Loss: Implications for the Timing of Mechanical Control

McKague

Cappuccino

2005

Can Field Nat

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“…The plant produces a distinct taproot, with most lateral roots originating in four vertical columns within 10 cm of the top of the taproot. The species tolerates a wide range of nutrient and light conditions (Parrish & Bazzaz 1982 ;Garbutt & Bazzaz, 1987) and has been used in many studies of biomass allocation, intraspecific competition and the formation of population size hierarchies (e.g. Hartegrink & Bazzaz, 1984 ;Pacala & Silander, 1990 ;McConnaughay & Bazzaz, 1992 a ;Shumway & Koide, 1995 ;Casper & Cahill, 1996).…”

Section: Plant Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Above‐ground competition does not alter biomass allocated to roots in Abutilon theophrasti

1998

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We tested whether plants allocate proportionately less biomass to roots in response to above-ground competition as predicted by optimal partitioning theory. Two population densities of Abutilon theophrasti were achieved by planting one individual per pot and varying spacing among pots so that plants in the two densities experienced the same soil volume but different degrees of canopy overlap. Density did not affect root : shoot ratio, the partitioning of biomass between fine roots and storage roots, fine root length, or root specific length. Plants growing in high density exhibited typical above-ground responses to neighbours, having higher ratios of stem to leaf biomass and greater leaf specific area than those growing in low density. Total root biomass and shoot biomass were highly correlated. However, storage root biomass was more strongly correlated with shoot biomass than was fine-root biomass. Fine-root length was correlated with above-ground biomass only for the small subcanopy plants in crowded populations. Because leaf surface area increased with biomass, the ratio between absorptive root surface area and transpirational leaf surface area declined with plant size, a relationship that could make larger plants more susceptible to drought. We conclude that A. theophrasti does not reallocate biomass from roots to shoots in response to above-ground competition even though much root biomass is apparently involved in storage and not in resource acquisition.

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“…Increasing soil microbial biomass can lead to greater N availability, which has been found to influence species composition (Belnap and Sharpe 1993). Limiting N availability can favor late successional species, while increasing N availability can favor early successional species (Parrish and Bazzaz 1982;Heil and Bruggink 1987;McLendon and Redente 1992;Belnap and Sharpe 1993). Although no significant differences were found between the IN and C plots with respect to individual species, late successional grasses like S. nutans had greater overall cover in C verses IN plots over all three time intervals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, increasing availability of soil nutrients may not have the intended effect of increasing the productivity of desirable species under the conditions where invasive species are present. Increasing N availability can favor early successional species while the opposite generally holds true for late successional species (Parrish and Bazzaz 1982;Heil and Bruggink 1987;McLendon and Redente 1992;Belnap and Sharpe 1993). Furthermore, high levels of soil available nutrients can slow succession progresses, again favoring aggressive ruderal species (McLendon and Redente 1992;Vasquez et al 2008;James et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Commercial Bacterial Soil Inoculant Regime in an Urban Prairie Restoration

Leonard¹,

Lyons²

2015

Natural Areas Journal

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For successful grassland restoration, commercial soil inoculants are often recommended to increase establishment success. In spring 2009, a 0.94-ha tract was targeted for restoration at Phil Hardberger Park, a 126-ha park in the heart of San Antonio, Texas. Woody species, mainly Texas persimmon (Diospyros texana Scheele), and Ashe juniper (Juniperus asheii Buchholz), were removed and the area was divided into 10 subplots measuring 911 m 2 on average. In September 2009, over 40,000 plugs of seven native grass species were planted. In addition, native prairie seed mixes, including various grass and forb seeds, were sown into the site at a rate of 11.26 kg/ha. Half of the native grass plants were treated with a soil bacteria inoculant plus additional nutrients (IN) (BioGensis IIITM DS Tainio Technology and Technique Inc.), and half were left as controls (C). Soil samples from the plots were taken in February 2010 and 2011 and analyzed for soil nutrients, bacteria, protozoa, and fungi. Vegetation data were collected October 2010 and May and October 2011 to assess differences in percent cover between the treatments. The IN treatment resulted in significantly higher percent cover in the second growing season of three native grasses, Eriochloa sericea (Scheele) Munro ex Vasey, Bouteloua gracilis (Willd. ex Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths, and B. curtipendula (Michx.) Torr; however, no significant differences were found between the IN and C plots for measures of overall native species abundance, soil resources, or the presence of soil microbes. We concluded that commercial soil inoculants may not have been necessary for the successful establishment of a native grassland community.

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Responses of Plants from Three Successional Communities to a Nutrient Gradient

Cited by 105 publications

References 27 publications

Response of Pale Swallow-wort, <em>Vincetoxicum rossicum</em>, following Aboveground Tissue Loss: Implications for the Timing of Mechanical Control

Response of Pale Swallow-wort, <em>Vincetoxicum rossicum</em>, following Aboveground Tissue Loss: Implications for the Timing of Mechanical Control

Above‐ground competition does not alter biomass allocated to roots in Abutilon theophrasti

The Use of Commercial Bacterial Soil Inoculant Regime in an Urban Prairie Restoration

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