Responses of preoptic neurons to anesthetics and peripheral stimulation

Murakami, Naotoshi; Ja, Stolwijk; Jd, Hardy

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1967.213.4.1015

Cited by 58 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The earliest studies failed to find any central cool-sensitive cells in cats (NAKAYAMA et al 1961(NAKAYAMA et al , 1963), but later work described their presence in dogs (HARDY et al 1964;CUNNINGHAM et al 1967), cats (EISEN-MAN and JACKSON 1967), and rabbits (CABANAC et al 1968). Similarly, earlier experiments could not demonstrate an effect of cutaneous thermoreceptors on POI AH cells (HARDY et al 1964;MURAKAMI et al 1967), while later work did (WIT and WANG 1968a;HELLON 1970HELLON ,1972KNOX et al 1973b). …”

Section: Thermosensitivity Of Po/ah Neuronesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The lack of cool-sensitive cells in the large population ofneurones studied by NAKAYAMAet al (1963) is puzzling, since a later study (EISENMAN and JACKSON 1967) in the same species (cat) using the same anaesthetic (urethane) and electrode type (metal) reported warm-to cool-sensitive cells in a ratio of 2.9: 1. Similarly, although HARDY et al (1964) reported cool-sensitive cells in the anaesthetized dog (4: 1 ratio), MURAKAMI et al (1967) reported none in decerebrated or immobilized dogs. They did, however, note that cells activated by cooling of the brain were occasionally encountered but could not be studied long enough to be adequately characterized.…”

Section: Ratio Of Warm-to Cool-sensitive Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrophysiology of the Anterior Hypothalamus: Thermoregulation and Fever

Eisenman¹

1982

Pyretics and Antipyretics

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The neural control of body temperature has been studied using the various techniques available to neurobiologists, each of which contributes a particular body of data. Lesioning techniques delineate the central nervous system (CNS) areas whose integrity is important for proper thermoregulation; stimulation studies (physiological, electrical, or chemical) reveal the outputs generated by various CNS areas or sensitive neuronal populations functioning in thermoregulation. Electrophysiological techniques supply detailed information on the activities of neurones in the CNS which are presumed to act in thermoregulation, and to be acted upon by the physical (temperature) and chemical (hormones, transmitters, pyrogens) agents that drive or modify the function of the system.In its capacity as a thermoregulator, the CNS serves two distinct, but overlapping, functions: an integrative one, generating appropriate regulatory effector output (vasomotor, sudomotor, somatomotor, respiratory, etc.) on the basis of a variety of inputs (skin and central temperatures, state of arousal, exercise); and a receptor function, monitoring brain temperature at several sites, thus providing some of the inputs to which the integrator responds. These two functions are in some instances sub served by the same anatomical regions (e.g. anterior hypothalamus and preoptic area). One of the goals of electrophysiological recording studies is to determine if these two functions can be mediated by the same neurone. The characterization of central neurones serving thermoregulatory functions into detectors and integrators (interneurones) has been a major thrust of such studies.The integrative functions of the CNS in thermoregulation have been studied by lesioning techniques and electrical and chemical stimulations (HENSEL 1973). The presence of thermodetectors in the brain has been demonstrated by applying moreor-less localized thermal stimulation to CNS structures. That rostral brain-stem areas contained thermodetectors capable of generating appropriate regulatory outputs, when stimulated by local temperature changes, was demonstrated by the early work of KAHN (1904), BARBOUR (1912) and HAMMOUDA (1933. The sensitive area was localized to the preoptic anterior hypothalamic area (POjAH) in anaesthetized cats by MAGOUN et al. (1938) and by HAMMEL et al. (1960) and Fusco et al. (1961) in unanaesthetized dogs.It has since been demonstrated that other CNS areas will respond to their own temperature; thermal stimulation of the medulla (LIPTON 1973) and of the spinal cord (SIMON 1974) will produce appropriate regulatory activity. Some reports indicate that the mid-brain is also sensitive to its own temperature (CABANAC and A. S. Milton (ed.), Pyretics and Antipyretics

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Section: Thermosensitivity Of Po/ah Neuronesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Ratio Of Warm-to Cool-sensitive Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrophysiology of the Anterior Hypothalamus: Thermoregulation and Fever

Eisenman¹

1982

Pyretics and Antipyretics

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“…The nature of the reference signals is not precisely known. However, recently Murakami, Stolwijk & Hardy (1967) suggested that temperature insensitive neurones in the anterior hypothalamus could serve as a source of the reference signals.…”

Section: I04mentioning

confidence: 99%

Non‐shivering Thermogenesis and Its Thermoregulatory Significance

Janský

1973

Biological Reviews

561

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Summary 1. Non‐shivering thermogenesis (NST) is a heat‐production mechanism participating in the chemical thermoregulation of mammals. 2. NST is additional to shivering and takes place at temperatures close to the thermoneutral zone. 3. NST occurs in newborn mammals and in those that hibernate. In some adult mammals it can be induced by adaptation to cold. 4. In small mammals NST produces approximately the same amount of heat as shivering. It becomes less important with increasing body weight of the animals. 5. NST is regulated by the hypothalamus and it is based predominantly on the calorigenic action of noradrenaline released from sympathetic nerve‐endings. Participation of other calorigenic substances and of the specific dynamic action of food cannot be excluded. 6. NST is localized mainly in skeletal muscles and in brown adipose tissue. Small amounts of NST may come from liver, intestine, heart and brain. 7. The biochemical basis of the calorigenic action of noradrenaline has not yet been fully elucidated.

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“…For example, noxious mechanical stimuli applied to the ear, nose, tongue, and tooth pulp have been shown to change the activity of neurons located in the medial, lateral, anterior, and posterior hypothalamus (Cross and Green, 1959;Rudomin et al, 1965;Murakami et al, 1967;Morita et al, 1977;Kanosue et al, 1984). Noxious and innocuous thermal stimulation of facial structures alters the firing frequency of anterior hypothalamic neurons (Murakami et al, 1967) and potentiates the release of adrenocorticotrophic hormone and catecholamines, along with the induction of cardiovascular responses (Bereiter et al, 1990). Furthermore, such potentiation of autonomic and endocrine functions has also been demonstrated following the direct activation of neurons in laminae I-II and V of subnucleus caudalis (Bereiter and Gann, 1988b).…”

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confidence: 99%

Cells of origin of the trigeminohypothalamic tract in the rat

1998

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Recent studies have demonstrated that a large number of spinal cord neurons convey somatosensory and visceral nociceptive information directly from cervical, lumbar, and sacral spinal cord segments to the hypothalamus. Because sensory information from head and orofacial structures is processed by all subnuclei of the trigeminal brainstem nuclear complex (TBNC) we hypothesized that all of them contain neurons that project directly to the hypothalamus. In the present study, we used the retrograde tracer Fluoro-Gold to examine this hypothesis. Fluoro-Gold injections that filled most of the hypothalamus on one side labeled approximately 1,000 neurons (best case = 1,048, mean = 718 +/- 240) bilaterally (70% contralateral) within all trigeminal subnuclei and C1-2. Of these neurons, 86% were distributed caudal to the obex (22% in C2, 22% in C1, 23% in subnucleus caudalis, and 18% in the transition zone between subnuclei caudalis and interpolaris), and 14% rostral to the obex (6% in subnucleus interpolaris, 4% in subnucleus oralis, and 4% in subnucleus principalis). Caudal to the obex, most labeled neurons were found in laminae I-II and V and the paratrigeminal nucleus, and fewer neurons in laminae III-IV and X. The distribution of retrogradely labeled neurons in TBNC gray matter areas that receive monosynaptic input from trigeminal primary afferent fibers innervating extracranial orofacial structures (such as the cornea, nose, tongue, teeth, lips, vibrissae, and skin) and intracranial structures (such as the meninges and cerebral blood vessels) suggests that sensory and nociceptive information originating in these tissues could be transferred to the hypothalamus directly by this pathway.

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Responses of preoptic neurons to anesthetics and peripheral stimulation

Cited by 58 publications

References 0 publications

Electrophysiology of the Anterior Hypothalamus: Thermoregulation and Fever

Electrophysiology of the Anterior Hypothalamus: Thermoregulation and Fever

Non‐shivering Thermogenesis and Its Thermoregulatory Significance

Cells of origin of the trigeminohypothalamic tract in the rat

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