Responses of Proteolytic Enzymes in Embryonic Axes of Germinating Bean Seeds under Copper Stress

Karmous, Inès; Khadija, Jaouani; Ferjani, Ezzedine El; Chaoui, Abdelilah

doi:10.1007/s12011-014-0020-x

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…For example, an excess of Cu, according to many researchers, leads to a reduction in seed germination [ 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 ]. In germinating seeds, Cu interferes with the release of nitrogen from the storage tissue, affecting not only the development of the seed embryo, but also the overall activity of proteases [ 61 ]. It induces the mobilization of biomass by the release of glucose and fructose, thus inhibiting the breakdown of starch and sucrose.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Sorbent Additives to Copper-Contaminated Soils on Seed Germination and Early Growth of Grass Seedlings

et al. 2021

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Heavy metal and metalloid-contaminated soil is a serious barrier to colonization for many plant species. The problem of the elimination of toxic waste accumulated in technogenous soils in many highly transformed regions is extremely important. Hence, another attempt was made to analyze the effect of the addition of sorbents (BCH—biochar, B—bentonite, ChM—chicken manure, OS—organo-zeolitic substrate) to contaminated copper soil on the germination and early growth of Eurasian common grass species (Agrostis capillaris, A. stolonifera, Festuca rubra and Poa pratensis), which could potentially be used in recultivation. This experiment was based on the laboratory sandwich method. Standard germination indexes, morphometry and biomass analysis were used. The percentage of germinating seeds was lower in each of the soil variants and sorbents used compared to the control. Dry mass was positively stimulated by all sorbents. The response to the addition of sorbents, expressed as the electrolyte leakage of seedlings, was different depending on the species and type of sorbent. Among all sorbents, the most positive effects on germination and growth were observed in the case of OS. Overall, the response to the addition of sorbents was different in the studied species, depending on their stage of development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Sorbent Additives to Copper-Contaminated Soils on Seed Germination and Early Growth of Grass Seedlings

et al. 2021

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“…It was also suggested that Cu ions inhibited the pathway related to the aminopeptidases activitiesnamely, the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. 4,20 Cd is one of the toxic metals, contaminating ecosystem and causing chronic effects in plants, animals, and humans. In plants, it inhibits several physiological processes (e.g.…”

Section: Profiles Of Aminopeptidases Activity During Oilseed Rape Germination Under Standard Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mobilization of seeds' reserves, to provide a sufficient level of nutrients, allocation of nitrogen sources to seedlings, and as a defensive process against environmental stresses, is an extremely important activity in the germinating plants. [3][4][5] It has been proven that aminopeptidases are crucial in the processes of germination, meiosis, flowering, aging, stress response and defense in different species. [6][7][8][9][10] Some of the enzymes, crucial for germination process, are synthesized either during embryogenesis (and further activated during imbibition) or just during imbibition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18,19 Changes in the activities of leucine aminopeptidase and proline aminopeptidase (PAP) were observed in germinating bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under copper (Cu) stress conditions. 4,20 Inhibition of the proteasome pathway and inhibition of leucine aminopeptidase and PAP enzymes caused the limitation in modulation of crucial processes (e.g. protein turnover and removal of damaged proteins).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oilseed rape (Brassica napus): the importance of aminopeptidases in germination under normal and heavy metals stress conditions

2021

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BACKGROUND: Oilseed rape is one of the most important oilseed crops worldwide, crucial in the food and feed industries. Different environment and climatic conditions can influence its sustainable cultivation and crop yield. Aminopeptidases are crucial enzymes in many physiological processes in all organisms, including humans, so it is important to learn their behavior in food and feed sources. This study presents, for the first time, a detailed discussion on the importance of aminopeptidases, during the oilseed rape germination process, under standard and stress conditions. RESULTS: During the germination of oilseed rape under standard conditions, a significant increase in aminopeptidases activity toward N-terminal amino acidsphenylalanine (Phe), alanine (Ala), glycine (Gly), leucine (Leu), proline (Pro), methionine (Met) was observed. The change was substrate specific, with the highest increase being observed for Gly (3.2-fold), followed by Ala (2.9-fold), Pro (2.5-fold), Met (1.5-fold), and Phe (1.3-fold). Generally, N-terminal Phe was preferentially cleaved. Germination under stress conditions, caused by several heavy metal ions (e.g. divalent copper, zinc, cadmium, and lead ions), negatively influenced the plants' growth and quality, but significantly enhanced the expression of genes encoding aminopeptidases (or potentially activated aminopeptidases precursors), which was related to the dramatic increase of their activity.CONCLUSIONS: The activity/concentration of aminopeptidases in plants is adjusted to the needs at each stage of development and stress factors occurrence. The most significant increase of activity toward N-terminal Gly and Pro proved the key role of aminopeptidases in the defense mechanisms, by supplying the plants with osmoprotectants and organic nitrogen. The results provide new concepts of oilseed rape growth and cultivation under different conditions.

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Heavy metal-induced oxidative stress on seed germination and seedling development: a critical review

Seneviratne

Rajakaruna

Rizwan

et al. 2017

Environ Geochem Health

202

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Heavy metal contamination in soils can influence plants and animals, often leading to toxicosis. Heavy metals can impact various biochemical processes in plants, including enzyme and antioxidant production, protein mobilization and photosynthesis. Hydrolyzing enzymes play a major role in seed germination. Enzymes such as acid phosphatases, proteases and α-amylases are known to facilitate both seed germination and seedling growth via mobilizing nutrients in the endosperm. In the presence of heavy metals, starch is immobilized and nutrient sources become limited. Moreover, a reduction in proteolytic enzyme activity and an increase in protein and amino acid content can be observed under heavy metal stress. Proline, is an amino acid which is essential for cellular metabolism. Numerous studies have shown an increase in proline content under oxidative stress in higher plants. Furthermore, heat shock protein production has also been observed under heavy metal stress. The chloroplast small heat shock proteins (Hsp) reduce photosynthesis damage, rather than repair or help to recover from heavy metal-induced damage. Heavy metals are destructive substances for photosynthesis. They are involved in destabilizing enzymes, oxidizing photosystem II (PS II) and disrupting the electron transport chain and mineral metabolism. Although the physiological effects of Cd have been investigated thoroughly, other metals such as As, Cr, Hg, Cu and Pb have received relatively little attention. Among agricultural plants, rice has been studied extensively; additional studies are needed to characterize toxicities of different heavy metals on other crops. This review summarizes the current state of our understanding of the effects of heavy metal stress on seed germination and seedling development and highlights informational gaps and areas for future research.

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Responses of Proteolytic Enzymes in Embryonic Axes of Germinating Bean Seeds under Copper Stress

Cited by 5 publications

References 43 publications

Effect of Sorbent Additives to Copper-Contaminated Soils on Seed Germination and Early Growth of Grass Seedlings

Effect of Sorbent Additives to Copper-Contaminated Soils on Seed Germination and Early Growth of Grass Seedlings

Oilseed rape (Brassica napus): the importance of aminopeptidases in germination under normal and heavy metals stress conditions

Heavy metal-induced oxidative stress on seed germination and seedling development: a critical review

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