Responses of red spruce seedlings to ozone and acid deposition

Patton, Roy L.; Jensen, Keith F.; Schier, George A.

doi:10.1139/x91-191

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, if stomata closed in response to moderate or high levels of O3, a reduction in growth, photosynthetic rate, and/or biomass accumulation might be expected. Although we did not measure these parameters, most studies to date Vv^ith red spruce that used similar O3 fumigation treatments have been unable to demonstrate such reductions (Alscher et al, 1989;Kohut et al, 1990;Patton et al, 1991 ;Rebbeck el al., 1992;Fincher & Alscher, 1992). An alternative explanation for the apparent reduction in cold tolerance among seedlings receiving the 50/0 nl T' (USFS) or CF air (UMO) treatments involves the antioxidant systems in red spruce (Amundson et al, 1991 b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Other studies have also failed to demonstrate any negative influence of supplemental O3 on red spruce physiology (Alscher et al, 1989;Kohut et al, 1990;Patton, Jensen & Schier, 1991;Fincher & Alscher, 1992). Amundson et al (1991 a) found no significant effect of elevated O3 on cold tolerance or foliar carbohydrate levels of red spruce seedlings fumigated for two growing seasons with O3 concentrations up to 2 X ambient levels at BTI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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The influence of elevated ozone on freezing tolerance of red spruce seedlings

et al. 1994

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SUMMARYLaboratory cold-tolerance assessments were conducted over two seasons on red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) seedlings fumigated with various concentrations of ozone (O^) for one or two growing seasons in three independent experiments at three locations. Ozone fumigations were performed at either Boyce Thompson Institute in Ithaca, NY (BTI), the University of Maine in Orono, ME (UMO), or the CS Forest Service Research Laboratory in Delaware. OH (USFS). Acid mist treatments of either pH 3-0 or 4-2 were applied in combination with Ot reatments at USFS. Seedlings fumigated with moderate or high concentrations of Og were never significantly less cold tolerant than seedlings exposed to charcoal-filtered (CF) air or low 0^ concentrations. In fact, there was a tendency for seedlings fumigated with low concentrations of 0^ or CF air to be the least cold tolerant. USFSfumigated seedlings receiving the lowest O^ concentration (50/0 nl I"', day/night concentration) were least cold tolerant on six of the seven sampling dates and significantly less cold tolerant in October and January. In addition, UMO-fumigated seedlings receiving CF-air were significantly less cold tolerant in January than those receiving either ambient air (no chamber or non-filtered treatments) or elevated O3. Acid mist treatments had little influence on the cold tolerance of red spruce seedlings in autumn and early winter, but in January-1990 seedlings exposed to pH 3-0 acid mist were approximately 6 °C less cold tolerant than those receiving pH 42. Following the 1988-89 winter, freezing injury was evident on all seedlings fumigated at BTI, but differences between 3 x ambient O^ and CF treatments were not significant.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The influence of elevated ozone on freezing tolerance of red spruce seedlings

et al. 1994

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“…One important observation which emerges from these studies is the over-riding influence of nutrition, particularly of N and base cation status, on the potentially phytotoxic effects of acid rain/mist-S dose (Raynal, Roman & Eichenlaub, 1982;Patton et al, 1991). Improving the N status of plants enhances frost hardiness (DeHayes et al, 1989;Klein et al, 1989) probably because the increased provision of assimilate, via the enhanced NAR, provides both soluble sugars and amino acids.The latter are used to replace membrane proteins denatured through freeze dehydration via the ' S-H ' hypothesized mechanism (Levitt, 1980), Plant cells restrict damage from freeze dehydration by augmenting reserves of membrane proteins (Singh, de la Roche & Siminovitch, 1975;Pukacki & Puckaka, 1987;Guy, 19906).…”

Section: Effects Of Nutrition On Seedling Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causal mechanisms by which sulphate, nitrate and acidity influence frost hardiness in red spruce: review and hypothesis

Sheppard¹

1994

New Phytologist

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SUMMARY This paper summarizes results from four experiments in which red spruce seedlings (Picea rubens Sarg.) were exposed to simulated acid mist containing SO42‐, NH4‐, NO3‐ and H+ ions. Seedlings were grown in compost, with or without fertilizer, in charcoal filtered air in open‐top chambers near Edinburgh, Scotland. Plants were sprayed from bud burst between May and November with mist containing different concentrations and combinations of the four major ions to provide a range of doses, which were applied at different frequencies. Reductions in frost hardiness expressed in terms of the temperature which killed 50% of shoots (LT50) were significantly correlated with the dose of S received by the seedlings. Differences in foliar S concentrations between the controls and treated plants were correlated with S dose. Absolute S concentrations were, however, of limited use for predictive purposes. Seedlings appear to be more sensitive than older trees to S toxicity because the former have the greatest proportion of newly expanding needles which optimize conditions for foliar uptake. Seedlings are also least well equipped to export SO42‐ ions since they have a smaller resource of older foliage to supplement their assimilate pool. In conditions which promote uncontrolled SO42‐ ion uptake by foliage, i.e. high external SO42‐ concentrations and incompletely formed cuticles, the potential exists for the internal build up of SO42‐ ions. It is proposed that in the absence of sufficient assimilate and K the presence of these high concentrations of SO42‐ ions in the apoplast or cytosol can lead to protein denaturation and loss of membrane integrity. Reductions in frost hardiness appear to result through direct attack by SO42 ions on membrane proteins which impairs their function. Indirect effects on hardiness occur through both an increased consumption of sugars reducing the‘pool’available for cryoprotection and a reduction in photosynthetic function, the ability to produce sugars. The presence of NO3‐N mitigates the toxic effects of SO42 because SO42 ions are consumed in assimilation processes which both utilize and are facilitated by the presence of large amounts of fertilizer N. High concentrations of SO42 and H+ are found to be particularly toxic because of the synergistic effects these ions exert on their mutual uptake with devastating consequences for the control of cellular pH. Trees growing at high altitude sites are likely to be particularly sensitive to SO42‐ toxicity because (1) their carbon balance is low, (2) cuticle development is poor and (3) levels of soil available Ca2 tend to be low relative to Al3+ so that membranes may already be weakened as a result of insufficient Ca2+ ions for protein bridging.

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“…Vann (1993) found that needles on upper surfaces of branches in high-elevation trees became increasingly chlorotic throughout the growing season, whereas shaded needles maintained their pigment concentrations, suggesting the possible involvement of oxidative agents such as ozone that promote photobleaching (Guderian et al 1985). Several groups have examined the effects of ozone and acid mist, singly or in combination, on red spruce seedlings or saplings in controlled environmental chambers at low elevations (Percy 1986, Fowler et al 1989, Fincher et al 1990, Jacobson et al 1990, Lee et al 1990, Percy et al 1990, Thornton et al 1990, Patton et al 1991, Wolfenden et al 1991. The results from these experiments are somewhat mixed, although most studies showed adverse effects of simulated acid cloud-water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of mist acidity and ambient ozone removal on montane red spruce

Vann¹,

Strimbeck²,

Johnson³

1995

Tree Physiology

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Recent forest studies have established that high-elevation (> 900 m) populations of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) in the northeastern USA are declining. Because it has been suggested that changes in air quality are responsible for the decline, we examined the effects of acidic mists and ozone on several biochemical and growth parameters in mature montane red spruce. We used branch-sized environmental chambers to introduce mists of controlled composition and exclude ambient clouds and ozone from individual branches within a tree. Mists consisting of distilled water increased the end-of-season pigment concentration and shoot length of enclosed branches relative to ambient or artificial mists. Needle and twig weights and starch concentrations were not significantly altered by the acidic mist treatments. Removal of ambient ozone had no apparent effect on the variables measured.

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Responses of red spruce seedlings to ozone and acid deposition

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

The influence of elevated ozone on freezing tolerance of red spruce seedlings

The influence of elevated ozone on freezing tolerance of red spruce seedlings

Causal mechanisms by which sulphate, nitrate and acidity influence frost hardiness in red spruce: review and hypothesis

Effects of mist acidity and ambient ozone removal on montane red spruce

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