Responses of succulents to drought: Comparative analysis of four Sedum (Crassulaceae) species

Koźmińska, Aleksandra; Hassan, Mohamad Al; Wiszniewska, Alina; Hanus-Fajerska, Ewa; Boscaiu, Mónica; Vicente, Óscar

doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2018.08.028

Cited by 31 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…In contrast, S. acre, S. album 'Coral Carpet', S. cauticola 'Sunset Cloud', Sedum 'Czar's Gold', S. ellecombianum, S. hybridum 'Immergruchen', S. requieni, S. sexangulare, and S. spurium 'Dragon's Blood', 'John Creech', 'Pearly Pink', 'Ruby Mantle', and 'Tricolor' had high survival and vigor scores (Tables 3, 5, and 6). Our data agree with previous studies showing S. acre, S. sexangulare, and S. spurium 'John Creech' perform well on an extensive green roof, but differed in that S. cauticola, S. reflexum performed well in our study, but performed poorly in other studies (Durhman et al, 2007;Getter and Rowe, 2009;Kozminska et al, 2019). Differences in results may, in part, be related to differences in medium depth.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Boivin et al (2001) reported Sedum survival on an extensive green roof in Quebec was limited by cold temperatures. In a more recent study, (Kozminska et al, 2019) evaluated the impact of drought on Sedum survival on a green roof; they found S. spurium and album were the most, and least drought tolerant, respectively. Interestingly, Sedum species vary in the degree they conduct C3 vs. Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis which can influence water Table 3.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plants with Horticultural and Ecological Attributes for Green Roofs in a Cool, Dry Climate

Erwin¹,

Hensley²

2019

horts

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Green roofs are building surface treatments where plants are grown in medium on a rooftop to cool or insulate buildings and/or to ameliorate negative environmental impacts of buildings. We initiated a 2-year study to characterize medium and weather conditions on a rooftop in a cool-dry climate and to identify plant species with horticultural and ecological attributes that survive and thrive on an unirrigated semi-intensive green roof in a cool-dry climate. Eighty-eight cold-hardy, drought-tolerant species with horticultural or ecological attributes were identified and planted into 12.7-cm-deep medium in trays that were placed on a rooftop. Medium temperatures and moistures were recorded, and plant survival and vigor were quantified. Hourly medium temperatures varied from –22.3 to 43 °C. Monthly medium water moistures varied from –2.5 to –73.3 kPa from May to September, and from –7.6 to –195 kPa from October to April. Monthly air temperature, relative humidity and irradiance varied from –9.4 to 21.7 °C, 44% to 80%, and from 206 to 1222 μmol·m−2·s−1. Mean survival scores decreased (4 = 100% survival) from 2.6 with grasses, to 2.3 with succulents, to 1.8 with temperate perennials, to 0 for geophytes (all died). Among grasses, Festuca ovina VNS, Koeleria macrantha 07-901 ND, Panicum virgatum, and Sporobolus heterolepis performed well. Among succulents, Sedum acre, S. album ‘Coral Carpet’, S. cauticola ‘Sunset Cloud’, S. ‘Czar’s Gold’, S. ellecombianum, S. hybridum ‘Immergruchen’, S. requieni, S. sexangulare, S. spurium ‘Dragon’s Blood’, ‘John Creech’, ‘Pearly Pink’, ‘Ruby Mantle’, and ‘Tricolor’ performed well. Among temperature nonsucculent perennials, Allium ceranum and senescens ‘Glaucum’, Geum triflorum, Talinum calycinum, and Thymus praecox ‘Red Creeping’ performed well. Data on Sedum suggested that medium-low temperature was more limiting to survival than moisture level. The differences in species that performed well here, compared with other studies, underscores the importance of regionally specific green roof plant species studies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plants with Horticultural and Ecological Attributes for Green Roofs in a Cool, Dry Climate

Erwin¹,

Hensley²

2019

horts

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“…A decrease in chlorophylls is a frequent response of plants to salinity and drought. Several comparative analyses of genetically related taxa have shown that the degradation of photosynthetic pigments usually correlates negatively with their relative degree of tolerance [91][92][93]. Accordingly, in this study, degradation of chlorophylls under salt stress occurred only in the least tolerant population 3 (Serp.).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Identification of Salt and Drought Biochemical Stress Markers in Several Silene vulgaris Populations

et al. 2019

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This study attempted to determine short-term responses to drought and salt stress in different Silene vulgaris genotypes and to identify potential abiotic stress biochemical indicators in this species. Four populations from contrasting habitats were subjected to drought and three levels of salinity under controlled greenhouse conditions. The determination of several growth parameters after the stress treatments allowed for ranking the tolerance to stress of the four analyzed populations on the basis of their relative degree of stress-induced growth inhibition. This was then correlated with changes in the leaf levels of monovalent ions (Na+, Cl−, and K+), photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls a and b, carotenoids), osmolytes (total soluble sugars, proline), and non-enzymatic antioxidants (total phenolic compounds and flavonoids). Despite the observed differences, all four populations appeared to be relatively tolerant to both stress conditions, which in general did not cause a significant degradation of photosynthetic pigments and did not generate oxidative stress in the plants. Drought and salinity tolerance in S. vulgaris was mostly dependent on the use of Na+ and K+ for osmotic adjustment under stress, a mechanism that appeared to be constitutive, and not stress-induced, since relatively high concentrations of these cations (without reaching toxic levels) were also present in the leaves of control plants. The inhibition of additional transportation of toxic ions to the leaves, in response to increasing external salinity, seemed to be a relevant mechanism of tolerance, specifically to salt stress, whereas accumulation of soluble sugars under drought conditions may have contributed to tolerance to drought.

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“…In response to drought stress, drought-tolerant plants maintain water-use efficiency by reducing water loss (Anjum et al 2011) and one of such water conservation strategies in orchids is through CAM expression, which helps improve carbon gains and water use efficiency (Benzing 1998; Herrera 2009). Drought-tolerant plants may also accumulate different solutes in the cytosol to lower osmotic potential and maintain cell turgor (Jain et al 2001; Hosseini et al 2018; Kozminska et al 2018). Of these solutes, proline is the most widely studied because its accumulation is the first response of plants exposed to drought stress, with known associations in reducing photoinhibition (Anjum et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CAM plasticity in epiphytic tropical orchid species responding to environmental stress

Tay

Yam

2019

Bot Stud

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Background: To counteract its dramatic species endangerment caused by extensive loss of habitat, Singapore is currently reintroducing into nature some of the native orchids to conserve and improve their germplasm. A main challenge of re-introduction is growing and establishing these plants under natural conditions, which are semi-arid with periodic drought. In this study, six native species were examined, of which three, Bulbophyllum vaginatum, Dendrobium leonis and Phalaenopsis cornu-cervi, are viewed as CAM species while the other three, Coelogyne rochussenii, Coelogyne mayeriana, and Bulbophyllum membranaceum are usually characterized as C 3 species. We aimed to compare their physiological responses to drought under two different light conditions: (1) moderate light (photosynthetic photon flux density, PPFD of 900 μmol m −2 s −1) and (2) low light (PPFD < 100 μmol m −2 s −1). Results: After 7 weeks of drought under moderate light (DRML), photosynthetic light utilization was reduced in all six species, and relative water content (RWC) in leaves decreased to < 50% in CAM orchids, compared to > 50% in C 3 species, while RWC in pseudobulbs (produced by 4 of the species) fell to < 50%. Both effects were reversed after 14 weeks of re-watering. Proline concentration in leaves increased in the CAM orchids and B. membranaceum (60-130 µmol g −1 FW), and CAM acidity increased (0.2 to 0.8 mmol H + /g fresh weight) in leaves and pseudobulbs of most species including C 3 orchids after 7 weeks of DRML, but to lesser extent in B. membranaceum. Conclusion: In the six native orchid species tested, osmoregulation by proline and CAM expression were adaptive responses to maintain photosynthesis under drought stress. Expression of CAM is a significant adaptive mechanism to drought in both C 3 and CAM orchids. For C 3 B. membranaceum, this CAM activity is best described as 'CAM-idling'. We propose that any future work in understanding adaptive responses in Singapore's native epiphytic orchids to periodic water deficit should also analyse the significance of CAM plasticity on water conservation within the plant and the regulation of CAM by prevailing water status and light intensity.

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Responses of succulents to drought: Comparative analysis of four Sedum (Crassulaceae) species

Cited by 31 publications

References 72 publications

Plants with Horticultural and Ecological Attributes for Green Roofs in a Cool, Dry Climate

Plants with Horticultural and Ecological Attributes for Green Roofs in a Cool, Dry Climate

Identification of Salt and Drought Biochemical Stress Markers in Several Silene vulgaris Populations

CAM plasticity in epiphytic tropical orchid species responding to environmental stress

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