Responses of tabanids to Nzi traps baited with octenol, cow urine and phenols in Canada

Mihok, Steve; Mulye, H.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2915.2010.00889.x

Cited by 32 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Studies on other volatile sources involved in host attraction to hematophagous flies have been reported from feces [44] and urine [45], [46]. In this regard, other sources of attractive odors might contribute to the attraction of mosquitoes and combination using these odors may be worth investigating.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sheep Skin Odor Improves Trap Captures of Mosquito Vectors of Rift Valley Fever

et al. 2012

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In recent years, the East African region has seen an increase in arboviral diseases transmitted by blood-feeding arthropods. Effective surveillance to monitor and reduce incidence of these infections requires the use of appropriate vector sampling tools. Here, trapped skin volatiles on fur from sheep, a known preferred host of mosquito vectors of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), were used with a standard CDC light trap to improve catches of mosquito vectors. We tested the standard CDC light trap alone (L), and baited with (a) CO2 (LC), (b) animal volatiles (LF), and (c) CO2 plus animal volatiles (LCF) in two highly endemic areas for RVF in Kenya (Marigat and Ijara districts) from March–June and September–December 2010. The incidence rate ratios (IRR) that mosquito species chose traps baited with treatments (LCF, LC and LF) instead of the control (L) were estimated. Marigat was dominated by secondary vectors and host-seeking mosquitoes were 3–4 times more likely to enter LC and LCF traps [IRR = 3.1 and IRR = 3.8 respectively] than the L only trap. The LCF trap captured a greater number of mosquitoes than the LC trap (IRR = 1.23) although the difference was not significant. Analogous results were observed at Ijara, where species were dominated by key primary and primary RVFV vectors, with 1.6-, 6.5-, and 8.5-fold increases in trap captures recorded in LF, LC and LCF baited traps respectively, relative to the control. These catches all differed significantly from those trapped in L only. Further, there was a significant increase in trap captures in LCF compared to LC (IRR = 1.63). Mosquito species composition and trap counts differed between the RVF sites. However, within each site, catches differed in abundance only and no species preferences were noted in the different baited-traps. Identifying the attractive components present in these natural odors should lead to development of an effective odor-bait trapping system for population density-monitoring and result in improved RVF surveillance especially during the inter-epidemic period.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sheep Skin Odor Improves Trap Captures of Mosquito Vectors of Rift Valley Fever

et al. 2012

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“…These results gave rise to the hypothesis that, cow urine-polluted habitats influence the attraction of gravid female mosquitoes for oviposition. Other arthropods have been shown to be attracted to the contents of cow urine i.e., (4-methylphenol, 3-n-propylphenol) during host seeking experiments [27]. Sampling of Hybomitra horseflies increased by 1.5-1.9 times when cow urine was used as bait in the traps [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other arthropods have been shown to be attracted to the contents of cow urine i.e., (4-methylphenol, 3-n-propylphenol) during host seeking experiments [27]. Sampling of Hybomitra horseflies increased by 1.5-1.9 times when cow urine was used as bait in the traps [27]. To build up on the foundation that has been laid by these observations, it would be necessary to set up experiments that assess the responses of gravid mosquitoes to artificial habitats baited with different stages of ageing cow urine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of cow urine in the oviposition site preference of culicine and Anopheles mosquitoes

et al. 2011

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BackgroundChemical and behavioural ecology of mosquitoes plays an important role in the development of chemical cue based vector control. To date, studies available have focused on evaluating mosquito attractants and repellents of synthetic and human origins. This study, however, was aimed at seasonal evaluation of the efficiency of cow urine in producing oviposition cues to Anopheles gambiae s.l. and Culex quinquefasciatus in both laboratory and field conditions.MethodsOviposition response evaluation in laboratory conditions was carried out in mosquito rearing cages. The oviposition substrates were located in parallel or in diagonal positions inside the cage. Urine evaluation against gravid females of An. arabiensis and Cx. quinquefasciatus was carried out at Day 1, Day 3 and Day 7. Five millilitres (mls) of cow urine was added to oviposition substrate while de-chlorinated water was used as a control. In field experiments, 500 mls of cow urine was added in artificial habitats with 2500 mls of de-chlorinated water and 2 kgs of soil. The experiment was monitored for thirty consecutive days, eggs were collected daily from the habitats at 7.00 hrs. Data analysis was performed using parametric and non-parametric tests for treatments and controls while attraction of the oviposition substrate in each species was presented using Oviposition Activity Index (OAI).ResultsThe OAI was positive with ageing of cattle urine in culicine species in both laboratory and field experiments. The OAI for anopheline species was positive with fresh urine. The OAI during the rainy season was positive for all species tested while in the dry season the OAI for culicine spp and Anopheles gambiae s.l., changed with time from positive to negative values.Based on linear model analysis, seasons and treatments had a significant effect on the number of eggs laid in habitats, even though the number of days had no effect.ConclusionOviposition substrates treated with cow urine in both laboratory and field conditions have shown that cow urine left to age from 1-7 days has an influence on oviposition behavioural response in mosquitoes. The analysis of microbial colonies for decaying urine should be investigated along with its associated by-products.

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“…The females are known as mechanical vectors of viruses, bacteria, protozoans and helminths that cause various diseases in wild and domestic animals (Foil 1989, Desquesnes and Dia 2004). Therefore, during the last thirty years numerous studies into the effectiveness of synthetic and natural attractants in the sampling of horse flies have been carried out around the world (French and Kline 1989, Phelps and Holloway 1992, Hribar et al 1992, Hayes et al 1993, Leprince et al 1994, Krčmar et al 2005, 2006, Krčmar 2007, Mihok et al 2007, Cilek and Olson 2008, Mihok and Mulye 2010). Moreover, in this period a few new traps for collecting horse flies have been made (Hribar et al 1991, Cilek and Medrano 2000, Mihok 2002, Dia et al 2004, Mihok et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary list of horse flies (Diptera, Tabanidae) of Serbia

Krčmar

2011

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Thirty six species of horse flies (Tabanidae) were previously known from Serbia (Europe). The present faunistic study of horse flies (Tabanidae) has resulted in the recording of the 4 new species Atylotus fulvus (Meigen, 1804); Tabanus miki Brauer in Brauer and Bergenstamm, 1880; Tabanus unifasciatus Loew, 1858; and Heptatoma pellucens (Fabricius, 1776), in the fauna of Serbia. The genus Heptatoma Meigen, 1803 is cited for the first time in the fauna of Serbia. 40 species are currently known from Serbia, belonging to nine genera. The fauna can be considered relatively poorly studied. Most of the species belong to the Boreal-Eurasian type of fauna 23, followed by the South European group with 8 species, the Mediterranean group with 6 species, European group with 2 species and Central European group with 1 species.

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Responses of tabanids to Nzi traps baited with octenol, cow urine and phenols in Canada

Cited by 32 publications

References 32 publications

Sheep Skin Odor Improves Trap Captures of Mosquito Vectors of Rift Valley Fever

Sheep Skin Odor Improves Trap Captures of Mosquito Vectors of Rift Valley Fever

The role of cow urine in the oviposition site preference of culicine and Anopheles mosquitoes

Preliminary list of horse flies (Diptera, Tabanidae) of Serbia

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