Responses of teenagers and their parents to California's graduated licensing system

Williams, Allan F.; Nelson, Luke Mathew; Leaf, William A.

doi:10.1016/s0001-4575(01)00090-2

Cited by 65 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…These findings are generally consistent with previous studies, which have found 70% to 80% of teen drivers acknowledge having ever violated this restriction (Begg et al, 1995;Williams et al, 2002). In earlier interviews with 900 licensed teenagers in North Carolina, we found 34% of teen drivers reported having ever violated the passenger restriction (Goodwin & Foss, 2004).…”

Section: Violations Of License Restrictionssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In a recent national survey, 86% of the general public said they favored restricting the number of teenage passengers that novice drivers may carry (Block & Walker, 2008). Similarly, support for passenger restrictions is strong among parents, though less so among teens (Williams, Nelson, & Leaf, 2002). The limited available evidence suggests passenger restrictions appear to be effective in reducing crashes among novice drivers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies have typically relied on self-report (Begg et al, 1995;Goodwin & Foss, 2004;Mayhew et al, 1998;Williams, Nelson, & Leaf, 2002), although some have directly observed young drivers (Goodwin, Wells, Foss, & Williams, 2006). To date, no studies have used in-vehicle technology to unobtrusively measure the frequency of GDL violations.…”

Section: Violations Of License Restrictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Passengers on Teen Driver Behavior

Goodwin¹,

Foss²,

O’Brien³

2012

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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Type of Report andFinal ReportPeriod Covered Sponsoring Agency Code Supplementary Notes16. Abstract A number of studies have shown that passengers substantially increase the risk of crashes for young, novice drivers. This increased risk may result from distractions that young passengers create for drivers. Alternatively, the presence of passengers may increase the likelihood of teenage drivers engaging in explicitly risky behaviors, for example, by actively encouraging drivers to take risks. A better understanding of how transporting peers contributes to young driver increased crash risk will help develop strategies to reduce this risk. NHTSA analyzed data collected through an earlier naturalistic driving study (Goodwin, Foss, Margolis, & Waller, 2010). Over a 6-month study period, event-based data recorders collected 24,085 driving clips, of which 4,466 were selected for analysis. The sample included 52 drivers: 38 newly licensed teens and 14 high-school-age siblings.Risky driving behaviors by teenage drivers were more common while they were driving in the presence of teenage peers. Teenage drivers were twoand-a-half times more likely to engage in one or more potentially risky behaviors when driving with one teenage peer compared to when driving alone. When driving with multiple teenage peers the likelihood increased to 3 times. Some of the mechanisms commonly thought to explain the increased crash risk when carrying passengers were rare, such as instances of deliberate encouragement for the drivers to take risks. Rather, helpful statements on the part of passengers were 10 times more common than statements encouraging risk-taking behavior. These findings suggest the mere presence of peers may have influenced risky driving behaviors more than deliberate encouragement.Several potential distractions were common when teenage peers were present. Loud conversation was 5 times more likely and horseplay was 9 times more likely with multiple teenage passengers in the vehicle compared to when a parent/adult was present. Other distractions, such as loud music and electronic device use, were less common in the presence of passengers.This study had several limitations. First, teens may have changed their driving behavior because of the presence of the data recorders. Second, the sample was small, included a disproportionate percentage of females, and was overrepresented by families with higher-level educations and higher incomes. These sample characteristics suggest caution in generalizing the findings to teenage drivers broadly. A number of studies have shown that passengers substantially increase the risk of a crash for young, novice drivers. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which passengers influence teen driver behavior. The increased risk of a crash may result from distractions that young passengers inevitably create for drivers. Alternately, the presence of passengers may increase the likelihood of explicitly risky driving behaviors. Whether passengers actively encourage the driver to take risks -or ...

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Section: Violations Of License Restrictionssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Violations Of License Restrictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Passengers on Teen Driver Behavior

Goodwin¹,

Foss²,

O’Brien³

2012

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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“…Even in states with weak or nonexistent GDL laws, parents are aware of the benefits of enforcing similar restrictions to protect their children. 61,62 To promote teen driver safety further, parents should monitor other safety-related behaviors that affect focused driving (eg, substance use, fatigue, and distractions). 63,64 Hartos et al 17,18 found that, although most parents do set limits for newly licensed teen drivers, restrictions tend to be short-lived and lenient.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations Between Parenting Styles and Teen Driving, Safety-Related Behaviors and Attitudes

Ginsburg

Durbin²,

García-España³

et al. 2009

Pediatrics

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT:Authoritative parenting style is known to influence adolescent behaviors and attitudes positively. However, little is known about the interplay between parental warmth, support, and control in relation to teen driving safety. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:Parents matter. This study confirms that safe driving belongs on the list of adolescent behaviors known to be influenced positively by authoritative parenting. abstract + OBJECTIVE:The goal was to explore the association between parenting style and driving behaviors. METHODS:The 2006 National Young Driver Survey gathered data on driving safety behaviors from a nationally representative sample of 5665 ninth-, 10th-, and 11th-graders. A parenting style variable was based on adolescent reports and separated parents into 4 groups, (1) authoritative (high support and high rules/monitoring), (2) authoritarian (low support and high rules/monitoring), (3) permissive (high support and low rules/monitoring), and (4) uninvolved (low support and low rules/monitoring). Associations between parenting style and driving behaviors and attitudes were assessed. RESULTS:One half of parents were described as authoritative, 23% as permissive, 8% as authoritarian, and 19% as uninvolved. Compared with teens with uninvolved parents, those with authoritative parents reported one half the crash risk in the past year (odds ratio [OR] CONCLUSIONS:Clinicians should encourage parents to set rules and to monitor teens' driving behaviors, in a supportive context. Pediatrics

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“…Williams, Nelson, and Leaf (2002) surveyed parents and teens on their reactions to and compliance with the new requirements. Parents whose children were subject to the new GDL requirements supported them, with 79% strongly in favor and only 4% neutral or opposed.…”

Section: Gdl Acceptancementioning

confidence: 99%