Responses of the chloroplast glyoxalase system to high CO2 concentrations

Shimakawa, Ginga; Ifuku, Kentaro; Suzuki, Yuji; Makino, Amane; Ishizaki, Kimitsune; Fukayama, Hiroshi; Morita, Ryutaro; Sakamoto, Katsuhiko; Nishi, Akiko; Miyake, Chikahiro

doi:10.1080/09168451.2018.1507724

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In Arabidopsis , the transcript levels of the Ni 2+ -dependent enzyme AtGLXI.2 are increased upon sucrose feeding [ 194 , 206 , 207 ], and high CO 2 concentrations [ 208 ]. The expression of AtGLXI.1 and AtGLXI.2 is also moderately induced upon stress conditions such as salt, drought, cold, and high light whereas the Zn 2+ dependent isoform AtGLXI.3 and its closest ortholog in rice, OsGLYI-8 , are not responsive [ 189 , 194 ].…”

Section: Methylglyoxal Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, additional, and sometimes contradicting localisations for AtGLXI.2 and AtGLXI.3 splicing variants are also reported. For example, AtGLXI.2 is additionally reported in peroxisomes [ 213 , 214 , 215 ] and in the chloroplast [ 208 ] while AtGLXI.3 is reported in the nucleus [ 193 ]. These differences can perhaps partly be explained by the use of different experimental approaches [ 216 ].…”

Section: Methylglyoxal Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These compartments are also the sites of GSH biosynthesis ( Figure 2 ). In spinach ( Spinacia oleracea L.), chloroplastic GLXI and GLXII activities respectively contribute to 40% and 10% of total leaf GLX activity [ 208 ]. High CO 2 concentrations, which increase photosynthesis in C3 plants, enhance MG formation.…”

Section: Methylglyoxal Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glutathione Metabolism in Plants under Stress: Beyond Reactive Oxygen Species Detoxification

2021

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Glutathione is an essential metabolite for plant life best known for its role in the control of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione is also involved in the detoxification of methylglyoxal (MG) which, much like ROS, is produced at low levels by aerobic metabolism under normal conditions. While several physiological processes depend on ROS and MG, a variety of stresses can dramatically increase their concentration leading to potentially deleterious effects. In this review, we examine the structure and the stress regulation of the pathways involved in glutathione synthesis and degradation. We provide a synthesis of the current knowledge on the glutathione-dependent glyoxalase pathway responsible for MG detoxification. We present recent developments on the organization of the glyoxalase pathway in which alternative splicing generate a number of isoforms targeted to various subcellular compartments. Stress regulation of enzymes involved in MG detoxification occurs at multiple levels. A growing number of studies show that oxidative stress promotes the covalent modification of proteins by glutathione. This post-translational modification is called S-glutathionylation. It affects the function of several target proteins and is relevant to stress adaptation. We address this regulatory function in an analysis of the enzymes and pathways targeted by S-glutathionylation.

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Section: Methylglyoxal Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methylglyoxal Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glutathione Metabolism in Plants under Stress: Beyond Reactive Oxygen Species Detoxification

2021

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“…Under high CO 2 concentrations, at which increased photosynthesis promotes MG production, GLX1 and GLX2 activities in A. thaliana increased, and the expression of AtGLX1-2 and AtGLX2-5 was enhanced. Based on these ndings and the phylogeny of GLX in oxygenic phototrophs, the GLX system scavenges MG produced in chloroplasts during photosynthesis [35]. These observations led us to conclude that increased energy production via glycolysis and the pyruvate pathway can be redirected to bolting initiation in lettuce.…”

Section: Differentially Expressed Proteins (Deps) Are Involved In Enementioning

confidence: 84%

Quantitative Proteomic Analyses Reveal That Energy Metabolism and Protein Biosynthesis Reinitiation are Responsible for the Initiation of Bolting Induced by High Temperature in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)

Hao

Zhang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), one of the most economically important leaf vegetables, exhibits early bolting under high-temperature conditions. Early bolting leads to loss of commodity value and edibility, leading to considerable loss and waste of resources. However, the initiation and molecular mechanism underlying early bolting induced by high temperature remains largely elusive. Results To better understand this phenomenon, the bolting initiation period of lettuce was defined, and a comparative proteomic analysis was conducted in the initiation period of bolting induced by a high temperature (33 °C) and a control temperature (20 °C) using iTRAQ-based proteomics, phenotypic measurement, and biological verification by RT-qPCR. Morphological and microscopic observation showed that the initiation of bolting occurred 8 days after high-temperature treatment. Fructose rapidly accumulated after high-temperature treatment. During bolting initiation, of the 3305 identified proteins, a total of 93 proteins exhibited differential abundances, 38 of which were up-regulated, and 55 were down-regulated. Approximately 38% of the proteins were involved in metabolic pathways and were mainly clustered in energy metabolism and protein synthesis. Furthermore, some proteins involved in sugar synthesis were differentially expressed, which were also associated with energy production. Conclusions This is the first report on the metabolic changes involved in bolting initiation in lettuce. Our study suggested that energy metabolism and ribosomal proteins are pivotal components during bolting initiation. This study could provide a potential regulatory mechanism for the initiation of early bolting by high temperature, which could have applications in the manipulation of lettuce for breeding.

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“…Under high CO 2 concentrations, at which increased photosynthesis promotes MG production, GLX1 and GLX2 activities in A. thaliana increased, and the expression of AtGLX1–2 and AtGLX2–5 was enhanced. Based on these findings and the phylogeny of GLX in oxygenic phototrophs, the GLX system scavenges MG produced in chloroplasts during photosynthesis [ 39 ]. These observations are consistent with the results that carbohydrate and energy metabolism is involved in floral bud development [ 40 ], which indicates that increased energy production via glycolysis and the pyruvate pathway can be redirected to initiation of bolting in lettuce.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative proteomic analyses reveal that energy metabolism and protein biosynthesis reinitiation are responsible for the initiation of bolting induced by high temperature in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)

Hao

Zhang

et al. 2021

BMC Genomics

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Background Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), one of the most economically important leaf vegetables, exhibits early bolting under high-temperature conditions. Early bolting leads to loss of commodity value and edibility, leading to considerable loss and waste of resources. However, the initiation and molecular mechanism underlying early bolting induced by high temperature remain largely elusive. Results In order to better understand this phenomenon, we defined the lettuce bolting starting period, and the high temperature (33 °C) and controlled temperature (20 °C) induced bolting starting phase of proteomics is analyzed, based on the iTRAQ-based proteomics, phenotypic measurement, and biological validation by RT-qPCR. Morphological and microscopic observation showed that the initiation of bolting occurred 8 days after high-temperature treatment. Fructose accumulated rapidly after high-temperature treatment. During initiation of bolting, of the 3305 identified proteins, a total of 93 proteins exhibited differential abundances, 38 of which were upregulated and 55 downregulated. Approximately 38% of the proteins were involved in metabolic pathways and were clustered mainly in energy metabolism and protein synthesis. Furthermore, some proteins involved in sugar synthesis were differentially expressed and were also associated with energy production. Conclusions This report is the first to report on the metabolic changes involved in the initiation of bolting in lettuce. Our study suggested that energy metabolism and ribosomal proteins are pivotal components during initiation of bolting. This study could provide a potential regulatory mechanism for the initiation of early bolting by high temperature, which could have applications in the manipulation of lettuce for breeding.

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Responses of the chloroplast glyoxalase system to high CO2 concentrations

Cited by 8 publications

References 38 publications

Glutathione Metabolism in Plants under Stress: Beyond Reactive Oxygen Species Detoxification

Glutathione Metabolism in Plants under Stress: Beyond Reactive Oxygen Species Detoxification

Quantitative Proteomic Analyses Reveal That Energy Metabolism and Protein Biosynthesis Reinitiation are Responsible for the Initiation of Bolting Induced by High Temperature in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)

Quantitative proteomic analyses reveal that energy metabolism and protein biosynthesis reinitiation are responsible for the initiation of bolting induced by high temperature in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)

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