Responses of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and turnip (Brassica rapa) to the combined exposure of carbaryl and ultraviolet radiation

Abstract

The increase of ultraviolet (UV) radiation reaching the Earth's surface as a result of increased ozone layer depletion has affected crop production systems and, in combination with pesticides used in agricultural activities, can lead to greater risks to the environment. The impact of UV radiation and carbaryl singly and in combination on Triticum aestivum (wheat) and Brassica rapa (turnip) was studied. The combined exposure was analyzed using the MixTox tool and was based on the conceptual model of independent action, where possible deviations to synergism or antagonism and dose-ratio or dose-level response pattern were also considered. Compared with the control, carbaryl and UV radiation individually led to reductions in growth, fresh and dry weight, and water content for both species. Combined treatment of UV and carbaryl was more deleterious compared with single exposure. For T. aestivum length, no interaction between the 2 stressors was found (independent action), and a dose-level deviation was the best description for the weight parameters. For B. rapa, dose-ratio deviations from the conceptual model were found when length and dry weight were analyzed, and a higher than expected effect on the fresh weight (synergism) occurred with combined exposure.

Environmental effects of ozone depletion and its interactions with climate change: progress report, 2015

“…The detrimental effects to the plant may result in an increase in the permeability of membranes leading to increased uptake of pesticides when plants are exposed to elevated levels of UV radiation. 172,173 Because of the potentially harmful effects of pesticides on the environment, more selective biological methods of control are being developed. The use of certain fungi (entomopathogenic) constitute one biological control measure, although unfortunately they also can be very sensitive to UV-B radiation.…”

Exogenous Cytokinin 4PU-30 Modulates the Response of Wheat and Einkorn Seedlings to Ultraviolet B Radiation

“…Unfavorable environmental conditions significantly reduce crop productivity, thus challenging food security on a global scale. While UV-B radiation is a natural abiotic factor with a key role in plant life cycle, at higher doses, it can potentially damage and impair plant performance [46,47]. CKs are plant hormones which moderate growth and development under normal conditions; however, they are also acknowledged as active participants in plant responses to stress such as heat, drought, cold, and excessive salinity [20,28,48,49].…”

Multiple stressors in multiple species: Effects of different RDX soil concentrations and differential water-resourcing on RDX fate, plant health, and plant survival

“…In a period where natural resource managers, conservation professionals, and environmental planners are increasingly concerned about broad shifts in climate and changes in the frequencies of interannual climate extremes [ 15 – 18 ], interactions between climate and additional, other stressors are of particular interest. For example, air pollution can impair tree responses to freezing stress and drought conditions [ 19 ], and ultraviolet radiation can increase soil contaminant phytotoxicity [ 20 ]. Water availability (e.g., annual precipitation) is one of several climatic factors for which both long-term shifts and short-term lability are of particular concern [ 21 – 23 ].…”