Responses to cell contacts between growth cones, neurites and ganglionic non-neuronal cells

Wessells, Norman K.; Letourneau, Paul C.; Nuttall, Robert P.; Ludueña-Anderson, Marilyn; Geiduschek, Jeremy M.

doi:10.1007/bf01205031

Cited by 70 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Interestingly, we have observed this kind of contact inhibition only when growth cones meet neurites from a different neural tissue, while the same behavior is often observed between non-neuronal cells from the same tissue. This pattern is consistent with the observation that contact inhibition does not occur between ciliary growth cones and ciliary net&es, or between DRG growth cones and DRG neurites (Wessells et al, 1980). It has been hypothesized that contact inhibition occurs when a signal is passed between colliding cells.…”

supporting

confidence: 89%

Collapse of growth cone structure on contact with specific neurites in culture

Kapfhammer¹,

Raper²

1987

J. Neurosci.

266

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These results suggest that contact-mediated inhibition of locomotion could play a role in growth cone guidance.We have examined the behavior of embryonic chick retinal and sympathetic growth cones as they collide with retinal and sympathetic neurites in culture (Kaplhammer et al., 1986). We used a quantitative analysis of encounters between individual growth cones and neurites to show that retinal growth cones cross retinal neurites more easily than they cross sympathetic neurites, while sympathetic growth cones cross sympathetic neurites more easily than they cross retinal net&es. These results imply that there is at least one specific difference between retinal and sympathetic neurites that allows growth cones to distinguish between them. They also imply that retinal and sympathetic growth cones are programmed to react differently upon confronting the same neurites.In this paper we examine these growth cone-net&e encounters with time-lapse videos taken at high magnification and with high time resolution. This has allowed us to examine the detailed morphology of retinal and sympathetic growth cones as they interact with retinal and sympathetic net&es.We have found that when retinal growth cones contact retinal neurites or sympathetic growth cones contact sympathetic neurites, growth cones maintain their normal, flattened, motile morphology. However, when retinal growth cones contact sympathetic neurites or sympathetic growth cones contact retinal neurites, growth cones lose their flattened, motile morphology.

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supporting

confidence: 89%

Collapse of growth cone structure on contact with specific neurites in culture

Kapfhammer¹,

Raper²

1987

J. Neurosci.

266

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“…Studies by Aguayo and colleagues (6,8) show that peripheral nerve grafts to the CNS contain a favorable cellular environment for eliciting axonal growth from CNS neurons. At present, several cellular factors are candidates for promoters of axonal growth: (i) surface molecules on non-neuronal cells, Sc, and astrocytes (13,14,32,33); (ii) soluble factors synthesized by supportive cells (glia) or by non-neuronal target cells (11,12,(34)(35)(36); and (iii) ECM molecules including laminin and fibronectin (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)36). Our results indicate that acellular collagen substrates incubated in complete medium do not provide an adequate terrain for rapid axonal regeneration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transplants of Schwann cell cultures promote axonal regeneration in the adult mammalian brain.

Kromer¹,

Cornbrooks²

1985

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

191

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Transplantation of embryonic brain tissue or mature peripheral nerves into the adult mammalian central nervous system promotes axonal regrowth from axotomized central nervous system neurons; however, the Since peripheral nerves possess a relatively well-defined cellular environment composed primarily of axons, Sc, fibroblasts, and extracellular matrix (ECM), this tissue provides an excellent source of material for cell culture preparations that can be used for the isolation and identification of cellular or extracellular factors responsible for promoting axonal growth. Cell culture preparations have been employed to show that neurite growth in vitro is enhanced either by culturing neurons in an environment containing heart-or Sc-conditioned-medium factors bound to a culture substratum (11, 12) or by plating CNS neurons onto monolayers of Sc or astrocytes (13,14). Experiments with nonmammalian vertebrate tissue (15) and predegenerated, frozen-thawed mammalian sciatic nerve (16) indicate that acellular preparations of peripheral nerve ECM also may provide a growth substrate for regenerating peripheral axons in vivo. Moreover, one specific ECM component, laminin, has been implicated as a neurite-promoting molecule for both .To successfully promote axonal regeneration in the adult mammalian CNS, it is important to extend the results obtained from in vitro preparations to a direct in vivo paradigm. Thus, the present study was undertaken to devise a methodology that would combine the use of in vitro PNS cell preparations, which can provide selected cellular fractions, with the technique of intracephalic tissue transplantation. By utilizing these combined procedures, it has been possible to demonstrate that transplants of mature cultures of Sc associated with ECM have a profound positive effect on axonal regeneration in the lesioned brain of adult mammals. Moreover, this study establishes a methodology whereby a variety of cellular components can be transplanted in close proximity to lesioned CNS axons in order to evaluate the influence of a specific cellular environment on in vivo axonal regeneration from mature CNS neurons.t It has long been recognized that functional axonal regeneration can occur in the adult mammalian peripheral nervous system (PNS) after peripheral nerve damage (1, 2). In contrast, little spontaneous axonal regeneration occurs folAbbreviations: AcChoEase, acetylcholinesteraae; CNS, central nervous system; ECM, extracellular matrix; PNS, peripheral nervous system; Sc, Schwann cell(s).

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“…It has been shown that filopodia are able to pull on objects (13)(14)(15) and are able to exert forces when they retract (15,16). In the latter two studies, it was estimated that these forces can be as high as several hundreds of piconewtons (pN) (16) or even larger (15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Filopodia act as phagocytic tentacles and pull with discrete steps and a load-dependent velocity

Kress

Stelzer

Holzer

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

212

205

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Filopodia are thin, spike-like cell surface protrusions containing bundles of parallel actin filaments. So far, filopodial dynamics has mainly been studied in the context of cell motility on coverslipadherent filopodia by using fluorescence and differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy. In this study, we used an optical trap and interferometric particle tracking with nanometer precision to measure the three-dimensional dynamics of macrophage filopodia, which were not attached to flat surfaces. We found that filopodia act as cellular tentacles: a few seconds after binding to a particle, filopodia retract and pull the bound particle toward the cell. We observed F-actin-dependent stepwise retraction of filopodia with a mean step size of 36 nm, suggesting molecular motor activity during filopodial pulling. Remarkably, this intracellular stepping motion, which was measured at counteracting forces of up to 19 pN, was transmitted to the extracellular tracked particle via the filopodial F-actin bundle and the cell membrane. The pulling velocity depended strongly on the counteracting force and ranged between 600 nm/s at forces <1 pN and Ϸ40 nm/s at forces >15 pN. This result provides an explanation of the significant differences in filopodial retraction velocities previously reported in the literature. The measured filopodial retraction force-velocity relationship is in agreement with a model for force-dependent multiple motor kinetics.actin filaments ͉ interferometric three-dimensional particle tracking ͉ molecular motors ͉ nanomechanics ͉ optical trapping

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Responses to cell contacts between growth cones, neurites and ganglionic non-neuronal cells

Cited by 70 publications

References 45 publications

Collapse of growth cone structure on contact with specific neurites in culture

Collapse of growth cone structure on contact with specific neurites in culture

Transplants of Schwann cell cultures promote axonal regeneration in the adult mammalian brain.

Filopodia act as phagocytic tentacles and pull with discrete steps and a load-dependent velocity

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