Responses to Globalisation: A Critique of Progressive Nationalism

Globalisation contested

“…In short, IPE has appeared comfortable with production and the empirical study of the firm, and much less comfortable with the study of labour and work, resulting in the 'deafening silence' that is the 'almost total neglect of labour' (Denemark and O'Brien, 1997: 232). As I have shown in my discussion of the firm, transformations in labour and work are variously given their agency through a focus on the actions of MNCs as key actors in production (Stopford and Strange, 1991;Sklair, 2001); the power of the disciplinary forces of neo-liberalism (Gill, 1995); and, much more rarely, the actions of fledgling global trade union movements (O'Brien, 2000;Cox, 1999;Radice, 2000). Meanwhile, others point to the 'embeddedness' of MNCs in national structures (Sally, 1994), and to the competing models of national capitalism, particularly industrial relations institutions and systems of production, that give distinctive character to divergent patterns of change in forms of work (Crouch and Streeck, 1997).…”

“…For those who represent globalisation as an irresistible process, the argument that this bulldozer pushes previously unique national capitalisms onto convergent policy lines serves to bolster their globalist position. For a number of scholars, the denial of such convergence is simply nostalgic for 'times past' and neglectful of greater 'systemic trends' (see Strange, 1997b;Radice, 2000). However, for the comparative political economists and historical sociologists who focus on national models of capitalism, the salience of 'embedded' institutions and practices call the process of globalisation into question (see Berger and Dore, 1996;Weiss, 1998;Hirst and Thompson, 1996;Zysman, 1996;Crouch and Streeck, 1997;Hollingsworth and Boyer, 1997).…”

Introduction

“…However, amidst these changes, which arguably remove the signifi cance of many previous borders, the importance of understanding local development processes is enhanced. Indeed, while the signifi cance of territory in general has been one of the many contested areas within debates surrounding globalisation (Hirst and Thompson, 1996;Ohmae, 1990Ohmae, , 1995Radice, 2000;Ruigrok and Van Tulder, 1995;Scholte, 2000;Wade, 1996), it is widely acknowledged that 'localisation' of some form is central to the changes that are occurring. For example, Storper (1997), in his infl uential book, emphasises the key role of regional communities and fi rms as the basic building blocks of an increasingly connected world.…”

Modelo para determinação do grau de globalização da empresa

“…Finalmente, é defendido que o fundamento da convergência global continua a se apoiar na noção política e legal do Estado-Nação que retém sua soberania e o monopólio na arena da legitimação política (RADICE, 2000). O Estado-Nação é a forma moderna de organização estatal, todavia, como observam Perraton et al (1997), os Estados sempre tiveram que responder a pressões externas e, quase invariavelmente, sua autonomia para formular e implementar políticas públicas tem falhado, a despeito do discurso vigoroso sobre o seu poder soberano.…”

“…Tussie (1998) James (2004), Kobrin (1998), Radice (2000), Chase-Dunn et al (2000), Wilber (1998), Tussie (1998 e Gunter e van der Hoeven (2004).…”