Responses to Hypergravity in Proliferation of Paramecium tetraurelia

Kato, Yuko; Mogami, Yoshihiro; Baba, Shoji A.

doi:10.2108/zsj.20.1373

Cited by 14 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…Kato et al hypothesized a close coupling of gravity-dependent changes in proliferation activity to gravikinesis (gravity-dependent modulation of the swimming speed) of Paramecium (Kato et al, 2003). Paramecium has been known to proliferate faster in microgravity (Planel et al, 1981;Richoilley et al, 1986) whereas it proliferates slower in hypergravity (Tixador et al, 1984;Planel et al, 1990;Richoilley et al, 1993;Kato et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Paramecium has been known to proliferate faster in microgravity (Planel et al, 1981;Richoilley et al, 1986) whereas it proliferates slower in hypergravity (Tixador et al, 1984;Planel et al, 1990;Richoilley et al, 1993;Kato et al, 2003). Paramecium also modulates its propulsive thrust depending on the swimming direction with respect to gravity; it increases the thrust when swimming upwards and decreases it when swimming downwards (Machemer et al, 1991;Ooya et al, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Paramecium also modulates its propulsive thrust depending on the swimming direction with respect to gravity; it increases the thrust when swimming upwards and decreases it when swimming downwards (Machemer et al, 1991;Ooya et al, 1992). Kato et al considered how the energy supply to the proliferation activity would change in parallel with changes in the energy demand for modulating the thrust (Kato et al, 2003). They thought that a rapid increase in the demand for locomotion would complementally result in a decrease in the energy supply to proliferation and vice versa, as both proliferation and locomotion share a common metabolic resource within a cell.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The swimming behavior of Paramecium in the columnar space was recorded using the optical slice method (Kato et al, 2003). The chamber was illuminated by a horizontal slit laser with a known beam thickness (half-maximum intensity width of 0.2 mm; SU-42C-635-10, Audio Technica, Tokyo, Japan), and dark-field images of cells that swam in the slit of light were recorded with a CCD camera (XC-77RR, SONY, Tokyo, Japan).…”

Section: Recording Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Substantial energy expenditure for locomotion in ciliates verified by means of simultaneous measurement of oxygen consumption rate and swimming speed

Katsu-Kimura

Nakaya

Baba

et al. 2009

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY In order to characterize the energy expenditure of Paramecium, we simultaneously measured the oxygen consumption rate, using an optic fluorescence oxygen sensor, and the swimming speed, which was evaluated by the optical slice method. The standard metabolic rate (SMR, the rate of energy consumption exclusively for physiological activities other than locomotion)was estimated to be 1.18×10–6 J h–1cell–1 by extrapolating the oxygen consumption rate into one at zero swimming speed. It was about 30% of the total energy consumed by the cell swimming at a mean speed of 1 mm s–1, indicating that a large amount of the metabolic energy (about 70% of the total) is consumed for propulsive activity only. The mechanical power liberated to the environment by swimming Paramecium was calculated on the basis of Stokes' law. This power, termed Stokes power, was 2.2×10–9 J h–1 cell–1, indicating extremely low efficiency (0.078%) in the conversion of metabolic power to propulsion. Analysis of the cost of transport (COT, the energy expenditure for translocation per units of mass and distance) revealed that the efficiency of energy expenditure in swimming increases with speed rather than having an optimum value within a wide range of forced swimming, as is generally found in fish swimming. These characteristics of energy expenditure would be unique to microorganisms, including Paramecium, living in a viscous environment where large dissipation of the kinetic energy is inevitable due to the interaction with the surrounding water.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Recording Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Substantial energy expenditure for locomotion in ciliates verified by means of simultaneous measurement of oxygen consumption rate and swimming speed

Katsu-Kimura

Nakaya

Baba

et al. 2009

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Similar observations were reported for eukaryotic Paramecium tetraurelia and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. On hypergravity up to ~20×g these Eukaryotes only significantly decrease proliferation rate and population density accordingly data by Kato, Mogami and Baba [24]. On the contrary, growth of Unicellular Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes on microgravity enhance their growth, gene expression, virulence and secondary metabolism accordingly data by Demain and Fang [25], Nickerson et al [26], Purevdorj-Gage et al [27], and Horneck, Klaus and Mancinelli [28].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Scaling of Total Metabolic, Gravitational and Heat Energy of Living Organisms, Earth and Sun

Atanasov¹

2015

EJB

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Abstract:The gravitational energy, total metabolic energy and heat energy of living organisms, Earth and Sun are scaled.Statistical analyses have shown that nearly a linear relationship between the total metabolic energy per lifespan of Poikilothermic organisms (P ls , kJ), total heat energy (THE E , kJ) of the Earth and the body mass (M, kg) of Poikilotherms and Earth (M E , kg) in log-log plots holds: P ls = 1.696×10 5 M 0.949 with R 2 = 0.996. A similar relationship between the total metabolic energy of Homoitherms Mammals and Aves (P ls , kJ), the total heat energy of Sun (emitted over Earth surface per Earth's lifespan) (THE S , kJ), and body mass (M, kg) of Mammals, Aves and Earth (M E , kg) holds: P ls = 10.2×10 5 M 1.023 with R 2 = 0.996. The metabolic potential of living organisms, gravitational and heat potential of Earth and Sun are scaled too. The gravitational and 'heat' potential of Earth are emerging as a lower limit of lifespan metabolic potentials of unicellular organisms, while the gravitational and 'heat' potential of Sun are emerging as an upper limit of lifespan metabolic potentials of multicellular organisms (Poikilotherms, Mammals and Aves). The relationships between mass-energy characteristics of living organisms, Earth and Sun show that gravitational and heat energy of Earth and Sun determine maximum and minimum total metabolic energy (per lifespan) of living organisms, while the gravitational and 'heat' potentials of Earth and Sun determine their maximum and minimum lifespan metabolic potentials.

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Expanding Limits for Life to a New Dimension: Microbial Growth at Hypergravity

Deguchi

Horikoshi

2013

Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology

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Responses to Hypergravity in Proliferation of Paramecium tetraurelia

Cited by 14 publications

References 22 publications

Substantial energy expenditure for locomotion in ciliates verified by means of simultaneous measurement of oxygen consumption rate and swimming speed

Substantial energy expenditure for locomotion in ciliates verified by means of simultaneous measurement of oxygen consumption rate and swimming speed

Scaling of Total Metabolic, Gravitational and Heat Energy of Living Organisms, Earth and Sun

Expanding Limits for Life to a New Dimension: Microbial Growth at Hypergravity

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