Responsible supply systems for macroalgae: Upscaling seaweed cultivation in Ireland

Different Chondrus crispus Aquaculture Methods and Carrageenan Extraction

“…The results obtained indicate that, according to the overall SGR, the most effective growth methods are free floating, where the algae are loose and stirred by aeration only. However, these methods have only been tested on a small scale, so another large-scale test would be needed to be sure of the effectiveness and suitability of this method of algae production in an industrial environment [56]. Biomass harvesting is also problematic in this methodology.…”

Assessing the viability of Stakeholders’ Engagement in Marine Spatial Planning and its Implications for a Sustainable Blue Economy

“…In most of the global literature related to marine governance, it is clearly recommended that MSP is key to unlocking the sustainability challenges related to marine resource management, especially the complex interests of users at different scales [28], [43]- [45]. This is because MSP has the potential to balance the competing interests of marine resource users while ensuring biodiversity management [11], [44]. In other words, MSP is core to the attainment of sustainability goals related to social equity, e.g., via the preservation of vulnerable cultural resources, especially for indigenous peoples, e.g., in Tasmania [10], [43] and citizens science [42] or citizen engagement [46]; biodiversity conservation and management, e.g., for migratory species in the ABNJ [25]; participatory sheries governance, e.g., of octopus in Indonesia [47], [48]; and harnessing of the economic potential of the BE, e.g., related to inclusivity in marine resource harvesting and access among indigenous communities via the development of robust inclusion initiatives, e.g., the Indigenous peoples-centered Social License to Operate (SLO) approach in Australia and Canada, which aligns with indigenous values, ancestral rights, and interests [48], [49].…”

“…These actors work privately or in organizations at the local, state, or federal levels. These include decision pilots (those who may or may not be the same as those who develop environmental policies), actors who centralize environmental data, and public and commercial organizations that provide environmental information [44], [78], [79]. They also include national governments, national NGOs and CSOs [53]; regional authorities; academics, e.g., researchers/scientists/universities; and private/individual actors, such as tourists or sheries [77], [81], [87]-[89].…”

“…Some of the reviewed documents also revealed that it is important to know how stakeholders need to be involved [1]. Although there is a need for participatory engagement [4], since different stakeholders have different capacities and capabilities, e.g., in zoning, legislation, and advocacy [2], [44], [77], the success an MSP depends mainly on of how to involve a given stakeholder(s) to reduce the time and cost [64], [87]. The majority of related research and viewpoints regarding stakeholder involvement are examined through the lens of two main concepts: the style of governance, which prioritizes collaborative management, and the degree, or level, of intensity or in uence [1], [28].…”

“…In the EU zones, these insights could be key in unlocking the potential of the EU Green Deal and nature restoration programs [2], [77] and contributing to the development of a circular blue bioeconomy that is based on renewable resources and activities, e.g., seaweed cultivation, that promote a sustainable BE [44]. Through the BE, there are high possibilities that can bene t from MSP by promoting sustainable and equitable use of ocean resources, thus enhancing marine space peace and stability, e.g., in the Baltic Sea [64].…”