A natural
surfactant was studied to simulate the dispersion process
of crude oil in water. The interfacial phenomena of this natural dispersant
was compared with a commercially available chemical dispersant, COREXIT
EC9500A. This functional surfactant was extracted from the mucilage
of the Opuntia ficus-indica cactus species. The evaluation
to determine the efficacy to disperse crude oil of the cactus-based
mucilage extract (nongelling extract, NE) was based on characterizing
surface and interfacial tension, dispersion efficiency, mixing effects,
salinity effects, stability, and droplets size distributions. We found
that surface tension values follow a linear relationship with respect
to the natural logarithm of the concentrations of NE. The application
of NE in the water phase led to decreasing oil/water interfacial tensions.
Surface tension tests were also used to quantify the effect of oil-in-water
(O/W) emulsion ratios once either natural or commercialized dispersants
were added. A key finding of our work is that the surface tension
between typical 6% and 3% v/v O/W emulsions was significantly reduced
with the addition of discrete amounts of NE. This result indicated
that the dynamic balance between O/W and water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions
was thermodynamically more stable toward O/W emulsion states with
NE. We also found that O/W emulsions with higher dispersion effectiveness
were formed for both 10 and 35 practical salinity units, as the dispersant
to oil ratios increased, with a significant correlation to the mixing
energy. We observed that the O/W emulsions with natural dispersants
had a significantly smaller weighted average diameter compared to
those with COREXIT EC9500A. Such a phenomenon can be explained by
understanding intermolecular interactions due to the structure and
type of dispersant. In conclusion, cactus-based mucilage extracts
could be used as environmentally benign dispersants and, therefore,
reduce negative social perceptions of the application of dispersants
to clean up spilled oil.