Responsive fluorescent probes for cellular microenvironment and redox small biomolecules

Recent Advances in Detection of Hydroxyl Radical by Responsive Fluorescence Nanoprobes

“…As other kinds of emerging technologies, fluorescence analysis methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. [20] In the following section of this review, recent developed nanoprobes would be discussed in terms of design principles, detection mechanisms, and practical applications in living cells.…”

“…[19] Based on their concentration, the risk factors of ROS can be detected using some available techniques. [20] Among different types of ROS, * OH is considered the most significant ROS since it can damage biological materials such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. [16b,21] Therefore, many researchers have taken efforts to develop new tools and approaches to test the pathogenesis of * OH in both in vivo and vitro situations.…”

Visualized Tracking and Multidimensional Assessing of Mitochondria-Associated Pyroptosis in Cancer Cells by a Small-Molecule Fluorescent Probe

“…9,10 Studies suggest that pyroptosis is highly related to mitochondrial dysfunction, which can be reflected by physiological microenvironmental changes (e.g., mitochondrial polarity, viscosity, pH, hypoxia, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS)) and morphology changes in mitochondria. 11,12 Meanwhile, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) contains the essential genetic information for mitochondria to accomplish their functions, whose damage and abnormal accumulation can also induce pyroptosis of cells. 13,14 Tracking the fluctuations of these physiological parameters can be helpful to monitor mitochondria-associated pyroptosis in real time and deepen our understanding of the pyroptosis pathways.…”

“…As one of the important dynamic organelles, mitochondria play essential roles in cellular activities, including differentiation, information transmission, growth, and regulation . Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the main causes of numerous diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, neurological syndromes, diabetes, cancers, etc. , Studies suggest that pyroptosis is highly related to mitochondrial dysfunction, which can be reflected by physiological microenvironmental changes (e.g., mitochondrial polarity, viscosity, pH, hypoxia, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS)) and morphology changes in mitochondria. , Meanwhile, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) contains the essential genetic information for mitochondria to accomplish their functions, whose damage and abnormal accumulation can also induce pyroptosis of cells. , Tracking the fluctuations of these physiological parameters can be helpful to monitor mitochondria-associated pyroptosis in real time and deepen our understanding of the pyroptosis pathways. It should be pointed out that the fluctuations of the mitochondrial microenvironmental parameters, mtDNA level, and morphology during pyroptosis are all dynamic processes.…”

A Sequentially Activated Probe for Imaging of Superoxide Anion and Peroxynitrite in PC12 Cells under Oxidative Stress

“…Given the high reactivity and short lifespan of O 2 ·– and ONOO – , conventional histological and biochemical analysis techniques lack the ability to assess their dynamic changes within cells or in vivo in real-time. Fluorescence imaging offers a crucial tool for the noninvasive investigation of biological processes in cells and transparent organisms due to its superior spatiotemporal resolution, sensitivity, and ability to detect targets in situ and/or in real-time within complex biosystems − While numerous fluorescent probes have been developed for the specific detection of O 2 ·– − or ONOO – , − few have been able to simultaneously visualize both species in vitro and in vivo . Although it is possible to use a single fluorescent probe for O 2 ·– and another for ONOO – simultaneously, data interpretation becomes challenging due to their different uptake, distribution, and metabolism profiles.…”