Responsiveness Expressions of Bitter Taste Receptors Against Denatonium Benzoate and Genistein in the Heart, Spleen, Lung, Kidney, and Bursa Fabricius of Chinese Fast Yellow Chicken

Abstract

The present study was conducted to investigate the responsiveness expressions of ggTas2Rs against denatonium benzoate (DB) and genistein (GEN) in several organs of the Chinese Fast Yellow Chicken. A total of 300 one-day-old chicks that weighed an average of 32 g were randomly allocated into five groups with five replicates for 56 consecutive days. The dietary treatments consisted of basal diet, denatonium benzoate (5 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, and 100 mg/kg), and genistein 25 mg/kg. The results of qRT-PCR indicated significantly (p < 0.05) high-level expressions in the heart, spleen, and lungs in the starter and grower stages except for in bursa Fabricius. The responsiveness expressions of ggTas2Rs against DB 100 mg/kg and GEN 25 mg/kg were highly dose-dependent in the heart, spleen, lungs, and kidneys in the starter and grower stages, but dose-independent in the bursa Fabricius in the finisher stage. The ggTas2Rs were highly expressed in lungs and the spleen, but lower in the bursa Fabricius among the organs. However, the organ growth performance significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the groups administered DB 5 mg/kg and GEN 25 mg/kg; meanwhile, the DB 20 mg/kg and DB 100 mg/kg treatments significantly reduced the growth of all the organs, respectively. These findings indicate that responsiveness expressions are dose-dependent, and bitterness sensitivity consequently decreases in aged chickens. Therefore, these findings may improve the production of new feedstuffs for chickens according to their growing stages.

Effect of Bitter Compounds on the Expression of Bitter Taste Receptor T2R7 Downstream Signaling Effectors incT2R7/pDisplay-Gα16/gust44/pcDNA3.1 (+) Cells

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“…7 days) causes a decrease in the expression of apoptosis and autophagy-related genes—caspase (Casp) 2, Casp3, Casp7, Casp9, Bcl-2l1 (B cell lymphoma 2 like 1), Mcl (mantle cell lymphoma), Bid (BH3-interacting domain death agonist), and Noxa (NADPH oxidase activator), along with increased expression of antioxidant enzymes or mediators such as glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx1), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and calpain-1 in whole heart tissues of experimental animals (Hamdard et al 2019b ). However, at higher doses and chronic treatment with denatonium benzoate, Hamdard et al ( 2019a , b ) demonstrated increased expression of the apoptosis and autophagy-related genes, suggesting that TAS2R activation may be beneficial at low doses and acute treatment period (Hamdard et al 2019b ).…”