Responsiveness of Retinal Ganglion Cells Through Frequency Modulation of Electrical Stimulation: A Computational Modeling Study

Color and cellular selectivity of retinal ganglion cell subtypes through frequency modulation of electrical stimulation

“…Admittance method/NEURON computational framework. In this work, we utilized our threedimensional Admittance Method (AM)/NEURON multi-scale computational modeling platform 12,[61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73] to predict the electric fields generated inside retinal tissue, coupled to multi-compartmental models of neurons in order to determine the activation of realistic RGCs. The Admittance Method linked with NEURON has proven a powerful approach not only for studies of field distribution inside the tissue due to electrical stimulation, but also providing a platform to analyze realistic representations of various cell types 12,61-73 . Admittance method: constructing the retina tissue and electrodes.…”

“…A linear interpolation function is used to obtain the voltage at the center of each neuronal compartment, which is utilized for the computation of the neural response using the NEURON simulator (v7.4; https ://neuro n.yale.edu/neuro n) 74 . Further details can be found in [61][62][63][64][65][66][67] . The AM-NEURON computational platform has been recently parallelized by our group and accommodates adaptive multiresolution meshing.…”

“…However, slower rate of increase in Figure 1. A2 and D1 realistic morphologies as implemented and coded in our multiscale Admittance Method/ NEURON computational platform [61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73] . Left: A2-monostratified RGC ramified in the inner part of inner plexiform layer and has a larger soma and dendritic field diameters.…”

“…The hyperpolarization-activated, and the low voltage activated (LVA) calcium ionic channels were modelled as in 81,82 respectively. More details can be found in 37,61,80 . The expressions of rate constants for different ionic channels are given in Supplementary Table S1.…”

“…The voltage at the center of each voxel was estimated using a linear interpolation function. Since the Admittance Method and NEURON use the same coordinates, a computational code was developed to superimpose the potential computed in the tissue volume into the NEURON model and apply it as an extracellular voltage, using the "extracellular" mechanism built into NEURON software, to each compartment in the Hodgkin-Huxley circuit in series with the membrane 12,[61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71] .…”