Responsiveness of Sex Education to the Needs of LGBTQ + Undergraduate Students and Its Influence on Sexual Violence and Harassment Experiences

Bloom, Brittnie E.; Kieu, Talia; Wagman, Jennifer A.; Ulloa, Emilio C.; Reed, Elizabeth

doi:10.1080/15546128.2022.2033662

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…These findings are in line with our hypotheses and align with interpretations raised by other researchers—U.S. sex education efforts tend to center cisgender individuals, with an eye toward pregnancy prevention and cis-heterosexual sexual partnering, rather than inclusive and holistic sexual health (Bloom et al, 2022). The messaging within these education efforts may be less relevant or engaging to non-cisgender and non-heterosexual students, and thus students may never have received relevant HIV education.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Disparities in HIV Testing, Condom Use, and HIV Education Between Transgender and Not Transgender High School–Aged Youth: Findings From the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey

et al. 2022

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Transgender individuals are disproportionately affected by HIV in the United States. Given increased risk of HIV among youth, there is a need to understand HIV risk and protective factors among transgender individuals who are 18 years and younger. Patterns of HIV testing, HIV education, and condom use have known associations with HIV outcomes among youth in general, but are understudied among transgender youth. This study assessed these outcomes by developing a series of sex-stratified multivariable logistic regression models using pooled Youth Risk Behavior Survey data. Results indicate female and male transgender youth as well as males who were not sure they were transgender were more likely have tested for HIV compared with their not transgender peers. Male transgender youth were significantly less likely to have received HIV education compared with not transgender males. Females not sure if they were transgender and male transgender youth were significantly less likely to have used condoms compared with, respectively, not transgender female and not transgender male counterparts. In sum, condom use and HIV education both remain lower among transgender individuals relative to their not-transgender peers. This highlights the need for the promotion of culturally appropriate HIV education and HIV prevention supports among transgender youth.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Disparities in HIV Testing, Condom Use, and HIV Education Between Transgender and Not Transgender High School–Aged Youth: Findings From the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey

et al. 2022

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“…Compared to cisgender peers, TGD adolescents seem to receive a pourer sex education. As observed by Bloom et al sexual education provided among American schools focuses predominantly on pregnancy prevention and cis-heterosexual intercourses ( 41 ). Literature showed that medical gender affirmation may increase awareness of HIV and STIs prevention; after affirming their GI, young individuals may be more likely to engage in self-care or health-promoting actions ( 27 ).…”

Section: Transgender and Other Gender Minority Youthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology, risk factors, and prevention strategies of HIV, HPV, and other sexually transmitted infections among cisgender and transgender youth: a narrative review

Diana,

Esposito

2024

Front. Public Health

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Adolescents face an increased risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs) with alarming data especially concerning HIV. Limited data exists for teenagers regarding the influence of their gender identity (GI) and sexual orientation on the risk of STIs. This narrative review aims to analyse the available data to provide a comprehensive overview of STIs incidence and risk factors among adolescents, taking into account the unique circumstances related to various sexual orientations and GIs. Transgender and gender minority (TGM) youth experience more challenges accessing health services compared to cisgender youth. This is often attributed to non-inclusive health environments, barriers to obtaining medical gender affirmation, and an underestimation of sexual risk perception. Literature analysis has revealed that the majority of adolescents, both cisgender and TGM, have limited awareness regarding the risks associated with their sexual behaviors, the most common sexually transmitted diseases, and strategies for prevention, such as PrEP and HPV vaccination. Moreover, a significant portion of pediatricians possess limited knowledge and comfort in addressing various aspects of sexual health, particularly when it involves discussing topics such as sexual orientation, gender identity, and sexual behaviors with sexually active adolescents. This underscores the pressing need for enhanced education for pediatricians, specifically focusing on STIs diagnosis, prevention, and screening.

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“…Availability of comprehensive sex education (a general vulnerability factor) which is not LGBTQ inclusive (a group-specific vulnerability factor) might be especially influential for SOGD communities. One mixed method study of SOGD undergraduates found that SOGD reported that their sexual education programming was not helpful in navigating sexual interactions and that they more often relied on media to learn sexual scripts, which fostered increased risk for victimization (Bloom et al, 2022 ). Group-specific outer layer factors, such as locker room and bathroom restrictions based on sex assigned at birth have been found to be associated with increased risk for sexual assault among transgender and gender expansive youth as compared to environments with fewer restrictions (Murchison et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Sexual Violence Prevalence In the Sogd Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Comprehensive sex education that is inclusive of sexual assault perpetration prevention has proposed by scholars as a unique opportunity to see meaningful reductions in sexual violence and should be considered an important primary prevention strategy (Schneider & Hirsch, 2020 ). Integrating programming aiming to foster acceptance and provide comprehensive education on the experiences of SOGD communities may be particularly effective for preventing sexual violence against SOGD (Bloom et al, 2022 ). Previous studies have found that comprehensive sex education that is inclusive of SOGD communities can promote willingness to intervene when SOGD youth are targeted for violence broadly, and can reduce the prevalence of homophobic name calling (Baams et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Recommendations For Enhancing Sogd Sexual Violence Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventing sexual violence in sexual orientation and gender diverse communities: A call to action

Blackburn,

Katz,

Oesterle

et al. 2024

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Members of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and other sexual orientation and gender diverse (SOGD) communities are at disproportionately higher risk for sexual violence compared to cisgender heterosexual people. Despite this elevated risk, relatively few sexual violence prevention efforts effectively reduce these victimization disparities based on sexual orientation or gender identity. Objective: This narrative review provides an overview of the prevalence of sexual violence in the SOGD communities, delineates risk factors for sexual victimization among SOGD community members, and reviews and evaluates existing prevention efforts for the SOGD communities. We outline specific recommendations for ensuring that prevention efforts meet the needs of the SOGD communities. Method: Drawing on ecological systems theory and public health approaches to sexual violence prevention, we outline current approaches and opportunities for preventionists and scholars to push the field forward. Results: There have been promising prevention programmes designed to be implemented within SOGD communities specifically; however, it is important that general primary prevention programmes endeavour to specifically address sexual violence perpetrated against SOGD people. While many packaged programmes that endeavour to prevent sexual violence across all gender identities and sexual orientations are inclusive of SOGD participants, more programming is needed that integrates anti-oppression training to target social norms that perpetuate SOGD-specific rape myths and normalize sexual violence against SOGD community members. Conclusion: Ecological prevention strategies in line with a public health approach for primary prevention may be particularly valuable for reducing victimization disparities based on SOGD status and identity. Comprehensive sexual education and anti-discrimination policies should be considered front-line prevention programming. To assess if these strategies are effective, the implementation of large-scale surveillance surveys that use comprehensive assessments of sexual orientation, gender identity, and sexual violence are needed. Using theoretically grounded implementation strategies for prevention programmes can ensure effective programme delivery.

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Responsiveness of Sex Education to the Needs of LGBTQ + Undergraduate Students and Its Influence on Sexual Violence and Harassment Experiences

Cited by 11 publications

References 53 publications

Disparities in HIV Testing, Condom Use, and HIV Education Between Transgender and Not Transgender High School–Aged Youth: Findings From the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey

Disparities in HIV Testing, Condom Use, and HIV Education Between Transgender and Not Transgender High School–Aged Youth: Findings From the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey

Epidemiology, risk factors, and prevention strategies of HIV, HPV, and other sexually transmitted infections among cisgender and transgender youth: a narrative review

Preventing sexual violence in sexual orientation and gender diverse communities: A call to action

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