“…The high frequency of women among the TMD participants in our study is supported by t he l ite rat u r e, r ep or t i ng t h at 9 0% a r e female. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,25 There are many factors that contribute to the development of TMD, according to Okeson 1 and Leeuw, 26 primarily: occlusion conditions, trauma, emotional distress, and parafunctional habits (clenching and bruxism). Stress symptoms are associated with the development of TMD, and the manifestation of pain could be the chief cause of TMD 27,28 , as observed in our sample.…”