Respuesta del crecimiento de Pinus oocarpa Schiede a variables climáticas en el noroeste de Lagunas de Montebello, Chiapas, México

Abstract

Dendrochronological studies are used to reconstruct some climatic variables; in México these studies have focused on central and northern temperate forests where trees present well defined annual rings. Few studies have been carried out in the southern part of the country where annual ring growth is not easily identified and thus makes cross-dating problematic. We analyzed the dendrochronological potential of Pinus oocarpa Schiede for reconstructing climatic variables in the northwest portion of Lagunas de Montebello, Chiapas. We used a selective sampling approach and collected 65 increment cores from 34 trees. While our samples showed a high frequency of false rings (8 to 60 %), we were able to date 30 samples from 22 trees (46 %) using standard dendrochronological techniques and developed total chronologies for total ring width, earlywood, and latewood for a period of 91 years (1925-2015). We found a significant influence of mean precipitation and mean maximum and minimum temperature over the annual ring growth of P. oocarpa in the period 1961-2004. Our results show that winter-spring precipitation (January-May) was the most important for the species’ annual ring growth. However, we found the highest correlation between spring (March-May) precipitation and the earlywood chronology (r = 0.719, P < 0.05). The earlywood chronology also showed potential for reconstructing minimum temperatures (March to May) (r = 0.732, P < 0.05), while the latewood chronology had the potential for reconstructing the maximum temperature (September to January) (r = 0.714, P < 0.05). These results showed that P. oocarpa can be used to reconstruct climatic variables in the Mexican tropics. We recommend that new areas with older trees should be explored in order to increase the depth of chronologies and reconstruct climate records several centuries into the past.

Response to climate and influence of ocean-atmosphere phenomena on annual radial increments of Pinus oocarpa Schiede ex Schltdl. & Cham in the Lagunas de Montebello National Park, Chiapas, Mexico

“…At each sampling site, several individuals of P. oocarpa were chosen by including the largest number of mature and long-lived specimens and approximately 10% of young individuals, distributed over a large part of the study basin and, at the same time, representative of the dominant climatic conditions of the PNLM. Tree-ring series for P. oocarpa have been previously developed in Mexico and Guatemala, where the formation of annual rings and their response to limiting climate conditions have been demonstrated (López-Hernández et al 2018.…”

Different Modelling Approaches to Determine Suitable Areas for Conserving Egg-Cone Pine (Pinus oocarpa Schiede) Plus Trees in the Central Part of Mexico

“…For example, P. oocarpa seedlings from populations originating at lower altitudes tend to grow larger than seedlings originating from populations at higher altitudes [51]. Therefore, it is essential to generate the potential zoning, a function of the species ecological requirements and the site's characteristics, factors that condition the trees, and their production levels [47,48]. The delimitation of areas by productive potential allows for the efficient use of resources [49,50].…”

“…It is also important to highlight that the potential distribution modelled agrees with the ecological and climatic requirements of the species since P. oocarpa grows at altitudes between 700 and 2000 m above sea level, with regular dry seasons and severe drought (total rainfall of 500 mm) [11,12,47]. Since we are focused on plus trees, the ecological and climatic requirements were narrowed, as the results demonstrated, and the potential distribution was set in regions where this species grows naturally, where there are six months with an average rainfall of less than 50 mm.…”

“…Additionally, all suitable areas are where the species grow naturally and are in eroded soils derived from ancient volcanic material and containing a large amount of quartz. It has been stated that the optimum temperature for the growth of this species is between 13 and 23 • C [47]. However, it can withstand certain minimum temperatures of 0 • C and maximum temperatures of 45 • C, and P. oocarpa can withstand sporadic frosts.…”

Estimación de la edad de Swietenia macrophylla (Meliaceae) a partir del diámetro normal en poblaciones del sureste mexicano

“…Determinar la edad de los árboles en los bosques tropicales es complejo, debido a la ausencia de anillos de crecimiento definidos, a las malformaciones en éstos cuando están presentes o a la falta de visibilidad por el desarrollo continuo del individuo (Del Valle, 1986López-Ayala, Valdez-Hernández, Terrazas, & Valdez-Lazalde, 2006a;López-Hernández et al, 2018). También, influye la disminución del diámetro normal entre periodos de tiempo cortos debido a condiciones ambientales adversas para su crecimiento, como el estrés hídrico por la baja disponibilidad de agua (Pineda-Herrera, Valdez-Hernández, & López-López, 2012) o una evapo-transpiración alta por temperaturas elevadas (Reich & Borchert, 1982;Baker, Affum-Baffoe, Burslem, & Swaine, 2002;López-Ayala, Valdez-Hernández, Terrazas, & Valdez-Lazalde, 2006b).…”