RESS-IoT: A Scalable Energy-Efficient MAC Protocol for Direct-to-Satellite IoT

Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT) is enabling unprecedented applications based on the transport of small data volumes to and from constrained devices. When end-devices or sensor nodes are located in very remote zones with inaccessible topography, Direct-to-Satellite IoT (DtS-IoT) has been proposed as an appealing solution. In DtS-IoT, isolated sensor nodes can directly relay data to and from inexpensive nanosatellites (i.e., CubeSats). Because both sensor nodes and CubeSats operate on very limited energy supply and storage, the efficient management of power-hungry communication sub-systems is of the essence. Thus, specific Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols are needed to ensure the minimal overhead while considering the DtS-IoT scalability and channel dynamics. In this work, we contribute with REserveand-Send Sift-IoT (RESS-IoT), a scalable and energy-efficient DtS-IoT MAC protocol, combining LoRa physical layer with a novel link scheduling approach. Extensive simulations demonstrate that our solution provides up to four times energy savings in the satellite, and up to seven times on the sensor node on ground, with respect to state-of-the-art IoT protocols.INDEX TERMS Direct-to-Satellite IoT (DtS-IoT), Energy efficiency, LoRa, Medium access control (MAC), Nanosatellite

Collaborative Computing in Non-Terrestrial Networks: A Multi-Time-Scale Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach

“…When the number of transmitting and receiving antennas increases, the throughput performance of the proposed scheme degrades to 58.9% of that of the BFS-Greedy scheme. Although performance degradations exist, the searching space dimension of the BFS-Greedy scheme (i.e., 18 4 at each time slot) is significantly larger than that of the beam action space (i.e., 7 2 × 3 2 T ) in our proposed scheme. Therefore, our proposed scheme can achieve a better tradeoff between throughput performance and computational complexity than that of the BFS-Greedy scheme.…”

“…Fortunately, different from the fact that both LEO satellites and terrestrial sensors have limited energy supplies in 3GPP Narrowband Internet-of-Thing (NB-IoT) based NTNs [4], the terrestrial components (i.e., hand-held devices and vehicles) in 3GPP NR-NTNs normally have sufficient energy supplies and can achieve powerful computing capabilities over those nonterrestrial components [5]. Therefore, to implement the earthfixed cell scenario, part of huge computations of the RRM function can be offloaded to the UE so that the computing burden on the LEO satellite can be alleviated.…”

Design of UART interface based on FPGA

“…UART -WIFI gateway can realize the networked transmission of serial port data based on the current mature WIFI wireless transmission. Nowadays, there are many different solutions, and both enable any devices with UART interface to access the network, which improves the level of Intelligence of equipment, and simplifies the networking process of equipment, which has very important practical significance and use value [10].…”

Survey Paper Artificial and Computational Intelligence in the Internet of Things and Wireless Sensor Network

“…With this function, IoT nodes can communicate with each other so that the data that has been captured and collected can be transmitted and sent to the IoT WSN gateway by using hop-to-hop communication. Communication technology that used in IoT include Wi-Fi [169]- [171], Bluetooth [172]- [174], NB-IoT [175]- [177], 5G [178]- [180], Sigfox [181], [182], LoRa [183]- [185], VSAT [186]- [188], fiber optic [64], [189], [190] and more.…”