Restenosis after balloon angioplasty and/or stent insertion - origin and prevention. A review of the literature

Outcomes of endoluminal reintervention for restenosis after percutaneous renal angioplasty and stenting

“…10 After balloon angioplasty, there is thrombus formation, intimal hyperplasia development, elastic recoil, and negative remodeling. In contrast, after stent placement, elastic recoil and negative remodeling are eliminated 16 and thrombus formation followed by intimal hyperplasia development is the main contributors to in-stent restenosis.…”

“…The biology of in-stent restenosis is different than that seen after balloon angioplasty. 10 The response of a vessel to a stent is dependent on the stent design, length, composition, delivery system, and deployment technique. 11 This study evaluates the outcomes of percutaneous endoluminal therapy for symptomatic restenosis (Ͼ50% on angiography) after primary renal intervention.…”

Percutaneous interventional reconstruction of the iliac arteries: primary and long-term success rate in selected TASC C and D lesions

“…In our study we preferred direct stent implantation without predilatation over stent placement after predilatation to reduce the likelihood of either distal embolization partically in occlusions or reocclusion resulting from denudation of the vessel wall after balloon inflation [13].…”

Revised duplex criteria and outcomes for renal stents and stent grafts following endovascular repair of juxtarenal and thoracoabdominal aneurysms

“…Over dilation such as this has been associated with intimal/ medial injuries, and a hyperplastic response potentially resulting in late restenosis. 25,26 Coverage of the injured segment with graft material likely impedes the ingrowth of tissue by simply forming a physical barrier, or rendering the arterial wall ischemic. Distal renal arterial lesions likely have an alternative explanation.…”