Rester ou repartir ? Une analyse des usages de la ville par les migrants dans la Genève des années 1837-1843

Abstract

Si les études historiques récentes mettent en évidence d’importants mouvements migratoires avant la révolution industrielle, elles soulignent également leur nature majoritairement temporaire. Pour l’essentiel des immigrants, l’arrivée dans une ville n’est qu’une étape dans un parcours parfois sinueux qui est déterminé à la fois par leurs attentes et les conditions d’accueil qu’ils rencontrent sur leur chemin. Cette étude, qui s’appuie sur les permis de séjour de la ville de Genève entre 1837 et 1843, vise à rendre compte, d’une part, de la diversité des stratégies d’utilisation de la ville et, d’autre part, de l’influence de certaines caractéristiques socioéconomiques dans la durée d’implantation en ville. À cette fin, l’étude du risque de départ est une technique très parlante qui permet de distinguer des groupes d’individus qui arrivent en ville avec un projet préétabli, d’autres qui, connaissant mal leur environnement, comptent essentiellement sur leur bonne fortune pour trouver de quoi y subsister quelques temps. Les premiers peuvent compter sur une forte solidarité entre pairs, alors que les seconds sont souvent tributaires de leur capital économique et social pour faire leur place.

Estratégias comunicativas e redes migratórias transnacionais em uma perspectiva bourdieusiana

“…Em que diz respeito ao habitus migratório, Remund (2009) explica que a noção corresponde à "parte do projeto migratório que independe das características pessoais do migrante"as atitudes e comportamentos herdados de sua comunidade de origem por meio dos mecanismos de socialização, e que são, por sua vez, decorrentes das práticas migratórias das gerações anteriores. O que explica, segundo o mesmo autor, a "articulação direta entre a dimensão pessoal de maturação dos projetos migratórios e a criação de fluxos massivos de mobilidade", constituindo verdadeiros sistemas migratórios dotados de "estruturas estáveis e duradouras, com tradições migratórias profundamente enraizadas, e que muitas vezes se estendem de uma geração a outra" (Remund, 2009, p. 125, tradução nossa).…”

Geneva. An Urban Sociodemographic Database

“…Staying and settling durably was a very selective process. Most of the immigrants came from neighboring France and French-speaking Switzerland, but also from German-speaking Switzerland and Germany, and from northern Italy (Remund, 2009;Ryczkowska, 2013;Schumacher, 2010). Adrien Remund (2010;2012) has shown that a third of the migrants left after three months, half of them after one year.…”

“…Most of the immigrants came from neighboring France and French-speaking Switzerland, but also from German-speaking Switzerland and Germany, and from northern Italy (Remund, 2009;Ryczkowska, 2013;Schumacher, 2010). Adrien Remund (2010;2012) has shown that a third of the migrants left after three months, half of them after one year. Later on, departures remained high until reaching approximately 10% of the initial cohort of immigrants.…”

“…As the population of their city changed due to the migratory flows that accelerated from 1798 onwards, the natives of Geneva tended to define themselves as the "old Genevans" (Herrmann, 2003). In a city where "Genevan" remained the nationality and the primary collective identity (Remund, 2009), the authorities maintained a strict control of the "foreigners" (Remund, 2010).…”

Between Hospitality and Inhospitality: The Janus-Faced 'Arrival Infrastructure'

“…We believe it is elucidating to compare such different cases in order to develop a transversal approach to cities' hospitality towards newcomers. Both urban areas have a long history of migration and a large population of foreign origin, and both continue to receive newcomers who challenge their (in)hospitality (Necker, 1995;Rea, 2013;Remund, 2012;Wauters, 2017).…”