Resting cysts of Parentocirrus hortualis Voß, 1997 (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia), with preliminary notes on encystation and various types of excystation

Benčaťová, Simona; Tirjaková, Eva; Vďačný, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2015.12.003

Cited by 14 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…These results corresponds well with the study of the species Bresslauides terricola by Benčaťová and Tirjaková (2017). Benčaťová et al (2016) observed the same results in excystation process of Parentocirrus hortualis. Even, our observations of excystation of R. quadrinucleata suggest that the excystation vacuole did not pulsate and existed only after disappearance of pulsating contractile vacuole.…”

Section: Different Excystation Types In Ciliatessupporting

confidence: 72%

“…The cyst wall of R. quadrinucleata is composed Taxonomic classification of the species to the class and family *Description of surface cyst of B. truncatella by Beers (1948) and Foissner (1993). The surface is very similiar to reticulate pattern of P. hortualis by Benčaťová et al (2016) and P. sibillinensis by Kumar et al (2014) of four distinct layers, namely the innermost metacyst (= granular layer), the thin endocyst, the fibrous mesocyst and the compact outermost ectocyst. On the other hand, the resting cysts of colpodid ciliates consists of two or three layers (Martin-González et al 1992, Foissner 1993, Funatani et al 2010, Funadani et al 2016, and the only, according to McArdle et al (1980), ciliate with only one cyst layer is Tetrahymena rostrata (more information on the morphology of resting cysts of ciliates and references to them are summarised in Table 1).…”

Section: Resting Cysts Of a Soil Ciliate 87mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…in Walker et al (1975), Calvo et al (1983), Berger (1999), Gutiérrez et al 2003, Foissner et al (2007, Benčaťová et al (2016), and others. The resting cysts of Rigidohymena quadrinucleata has typical oxytrichid characteristics.…”

Section: Ultrastructure Of Resting Cysts and The Origin Of Surface Ormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The irregular surface of encysted cell is characteristic, e.g. for Parentocirrus hortualis by Benčaťová et al (2016),…”

Section: Ultrastructure Of Resting Cysts and The Origin Of Surface Ormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the basis of literature references (Beers 1945(Beers , 1948(Beers , 1966Repak 1968;Foissner 1993;Verni and Rosati 2011;Vďačný and Foissner 2012;Funadani et al 2013;Benčaťová et al 2016;Benčaťová and Tirjaková 2017) we recognised two basic types of emergence of motile specimens during the excystation process: (i) escape throught a special escape apparatus -emergence pore/operculum with a removable "plug"; and (ii) escape throuth a rupture of a cyst wall by pressure of moving cell and excystation vacuole.…”

Section: Different Excystation Types In Ciliatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Study on Resting Cysts of an Oxytrichid Soil Ciliate, Rigidohymena quadrinucleata (Dragesco and Njine, 1971) Berger, 2011 (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia), Including Notes on its Encystation and Excystation Process

Benčaťová

Tirjaková²

2017

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Abstract. This is the first detailed study on the morphology of the resting cysts of an oxytrichid ciliate, Rigidohymena quadrinucleata. Resting cysts were investigated using light microscopy, SEM and TEM. The cyst wall is composed of four distinct layers (from inside to outside), namely the metacyst, the endocyst, the mesocyst and the ectocyst with spine-like protuberances. The cysts of R. quadrinucleata belong to the kinetosome-resorbing (KR) type, which is typical for oxytrichids. The processes of encystation and excystation were observed only in the light microscopy. During the encystation process, the trophic cell changes in shape and volume due to dehydration, four macronuclear nodules fuse into a compact mass, the ciliature is resorbed and cyst wall is formed. The most significant feature is surface ornamentation and yellowish color of resting cysts. We also focuse for the first time on excystation process of R. quadrinucleata. We identified two excystation modes: (i) standard and (ii) rare mode. The beginning of both excystation is characterised by the formation of excystation vacuole which helps the excysting cell to break the cyst wall. The specimen regenerates within a thin, flexible membrane. During the standard mode, the cell leaves the resting cyst in the membrane that is resorbed in the environment. During the rare mode, the excystation vacuole and the pressure of the regenerating cell break the transparent membrane that remains in the resting cyst. The results suggest that not only ciliate resting cysts, but also the excystation process is much more variable than what literature data indicate.

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Section: Different Excystation Types In Ciliatessupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Resting Cysts Of a Soil Ciliate 87mentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Ultrastructure Of Resting Cysts and The Origin Of Surface Ormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The irregular surface of encysted cell is characteristic, e.g. for Parentocirrus hortualis by Benčaťová et al (2016),…”

Section: Ultrastructure Of Resting Cysts and The Origin Of Surface Ormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Different Excystation Types In Ciliatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A Study on Resting Cysts of an Oxytrichid Soil Ciliate, Rigidohymena quadrinucleata (Dragesco and Njine, 1971) Berger, 2011 (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia), Including Notes on its Encystation and Excystation Process

Benčaťová

Tirjaková²

2017

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Ultrastructure of vegetative cells and resting cysts, and live observations of the encystation and excystation processes in Diophrys oligothrix Borror, 1965 (Protista, Ciliophora)

Gong

Fan

et al. 2018

Journal of Morphology

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Ciliated protists can form cysts to resist unfavorable environmental conditions and then excyst when environmental conditions become favorable. This study used electron and light microscopy to investigate the structure of vegetative cells and resting cysts, as well as the encysting and excysting processes of Diophrys oligothrix. For the first time, ampules were revealed beneath the pellicle in the genus Diophrys, and their extrusome types differed between Diophrys species. Membrane-packed discs of diverse shapes were found in the cytoplasm just beneath the pellicle around the cytopharynx and were separated by rows of microtubule units. Beneath the discs, some double-layer microtubule structures were detected as well. During encystment, the ventral ciliature was folded in a ventral cavity of the cell, and the caudal cirri were retracted directly into the cyst in a separate cavity on the dorsal side. In the resting cysts, high autophagic activity occurred, possibly including digestion of membrane-packed discs and ampules. Two macronuclear nodules kept their basic shape, although the chromatin aggregation and fusion region were observed in ultrathin sections. The cyst wall contained two layers, namely, the ectocyst, and endocyst. In mature cysts, basal bodies and ciliary shafts were observed, demonstrating that D. oligothrix forms non-kinetosome-resorbing cysts. The process of excystment occurred in two modes, either with or without participation of a contractile vacuole.

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Monographic treatment of Paraholosticha muscicola (Ciliophora, Keronopsidae), including morphological and molecular biological characterization of a brackish water population from Korea

Jung

Berger²

2019

European Journal of Protistology

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Resting cysts of Parentocirrus hortualis Voß, 1997 (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia), with preliminary notes on encystation and various types of excystation

Cited by 14 publications

References 23 publications

A Study on Resting Cysts of an Oxytrichid Soil Ciliate, Rigidohymena quadrinucleata (Dragesco and Njine, 1971) Berger, 2011 (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia), Including Notes on its Encystation and Excystation Process

A Study on Resting Cysts of an Oxytrichid Soil Ciliate, Rigidohymena quadrinucleata (Dragesco and Njine, 1971) Berger, 2011 (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia), Including Notes on its Encystation and Excystation Process

Ultrastructure of vegetative cells and resting cysts, and live observations of the encystation and excystation processes in Diophrys oligothrix Borror, 1965 (Protista, Ciliophora)

Monographic treatment of Paraholosticha muscicola (Ciliophora, Keronopsidae), including morphological and molecular biological characterization of a brackish water population from Korea

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