Resting metabolic rate in lean and obese children: relationship to child and parent weight and percent-overweight change

Epstein, Leonard H.; Wing, Rena R.; Cluss, P; Fernstrom, Madelyn H.; Penner, Barbara C.; Perkins, K A; Nudelman, Sheila; Marks, Bonita L.; Valoski, Alice

doi:10.1093/ajcn/49.2.331

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Roughly equal numbers of studies have con®rmed and refuted a defect in food-induced thermogenesis in obese adults, 4,5,11 as well as in children 1,7,8,10,26 CIT was similar in our obese girls and in our controls, con®rming our previous report. 1 However, considerable interindividual variability in CIT values was seen in the obese patients, who fell into two groups, one with low and the other with normal CIT values.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Weight loss and changes in energy metabolism in massively obese adolescents

et al. 1999

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the energy metabolism modi®cations induced by energy restriction and weight loss in massively obese adolescents. SUBJECTS: Ten massively obese girls (179 AE 31% of ideal body weight; age, 13.3 ± 16.4 y) after 2 ± 5 weeks on a lowenergy diet and 4.5 ± 11.5 months later, that is, after a substantial weight loss, and eight controls. MEASUREMENTS: Resting energy expenditure (REE) and carbohydrate-induced thermogenesis (CIT) after a sucrose load (by indirect calorimetry), plasma glucose and insulin before and after the sucrose load. RESULTS: After 2 ± 5 weeks on a low-energy diet, REE (7415 AE 904 kJad) was lower than the expected value calculated from the regression equation of REE on fat free mass in controls (P 0.005). After a 37 AE 17% reduction in excess weight, REE decreased (6405 AE 613 kJad) and remained lower than the expected value (P 0.005). At the early stages of weight loss, the area under the plasma glucose response curve was negatively correlated with CIT (r 7 0.80, P 0.01) and was higher in the six obese adolescents with low CIT than in the four with normal CIT (396 AE 52 vs 283 AE 26 mmol.l 71 .min 71 , P 0.01). After substantial weight loss, the area under the plasma insulin response curve decreased by 32% (P 0.02), and both CIT and the area under the plasma glucose response curve became similar in obese patients with low and normal CIT prior to weight loss. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that in massively obese adolescents, REE for fat-free mass is decreased at the very beginning of the process of losing weight and remains decreased as long as energy restriction and weight reduction carry on. They also indicate that the impaired CIT sometimes observed returns to normal after weight reduction suggesting that it is secondary to a decrease in glucose uptake induced by obesity-associated insulin resistance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Weight loss and changes in energy metabolism in massively obese adolescents

et al. 1999

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“…Previous reports have demonstrated that absolute RMR is greater in obese children, but equal to that in lean individuals when expressed per kg of lean body mass or per unit surface area (7,8). Since there were no significant differences in FFM in the three groups of children by level of body fat in the present study, we did not expect any differences in RMR ~tween the groups.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 40%

Energy Expenditure in Lean and Obese Prepubertal Children

et al. 1995

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DELANY, JAMES P, DAVID W HARSHA, JAMES C KIME, JULffi KUMLER, LOUIS MELANCON AND GEORGE A BRAY. Energy expenditure in lean and obese prepubertal children. Obes Res. 1995;3[suppl1]:67-72.The relationship between energy expenditure and obesity was examined in prepubertal children. Consenting fifth graders underwent Tanner Staging, weight, height and skinfold measurements. Subjects were selected for further study to obtain equal numbers of girls and boys with a wide range of body composition. Weight, total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) by doubly labeled water (DL W), resting metabolic rate (RMR), and body composition were measured. Children were grouped into level of obesity based on tertUes of subscapular plus triceps skinfolds. The sklnfold tertiles did quite weD in grouping subjects by degree of obesity, as differences in percent fat in each tertile were significantly different. There were no differences in fat-free mass between the groups, while the highest tertile group weighed 14 kg more than the lowest. For DL W, energy expenditure was calculated using day 8 and day 9 urine samples as the final time point to examine precision. Mean energy expenditure using either day was nearly Identical (2220 ± 400 vs. 2300 ± 370 kcalld), with a CV of the difference of 5.5%. No differences in RMR, energy expended In activity, or TDEE between the three groups were observed. A reduction in RMR or TDEE could not explain differences in obesity in these prepubertal children. However, the fact that the heaviest children expended the same amount of energy in activity and had the same TDEE as the leanest, while weighing 14 kg more, indicates

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“…In the present study, FFM and FM were ϳ10.5 and 29 kg higher in obese compared with control subjects, respectively. Most previous studies found a significantly higher FFM in obese subjects (1,3,5,6,8,9), whereas in others, the FFM of obese and normal-weight subjects did not differ (2,4,7,10,11). This difference in FFM might explain the inconsistent absolute resting VO 2 among studies.…”

Section: Resting Vomentioning

confidence: 83%

Oxygen Uptakes Adjusted for Body Composition in Normal‐Weight and Obese Adolescents

et al. 2004

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EKELUND, ULF, PAUL W. FRANKS, NICOLAS J. WAREHAM, AND JAN ÅMAN. Oxygen uptakes adjusted for body composition in normal-weight and obese adolescents. Obes Res. 2004;12:513-520. Objective: To test whether resting oxygen uptake (VO 2 ), submaximal VO 2 , and maximal VO 2 (VO 2max ) differs between obese adolescents (n ϭ 18; BMI Ͼ 30) and a matched normal-weight control group after adjustment for differences in fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM). Research Methods and Procedures: FFM and FM were assessed by DXA. Resting VO 2 , submaximal VO 2 , and VO 2max were measured by indirect calorimetry. Results: There was no difference in resting VO 2 between groups after adjusting for FFM and FM. Submaximal VO 2 did not differ between groups after adjusting for body weight. Percentage VO 2max and NET VO 2 (VO 2max Ϫ resting VO 2 ) were significantly higher in the obese group during submaximal exercise, however not after adjusting for body weight. VO 2max was not significantly different between groups after adjusting for FFM. Discussion: When body compositions are appropriately controlled for, resting VO 2 , submaximal VO 2 , and VO 2max do not differ between obese and normal-weight adolescents. These data suggested that the higher relative VO 2 observed in obese adolescent subjects is due to their higher FM and not to an impaired VO 2max even though they may be less physically active.

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Resting metabolic rate in lean and obese children: relationship to child and parent weight and percent-overweight change

Cited by 23 publications

References 27 publications

Weight loss and changes in energy metabolism in massively obese adolescents

Weight loss and changes in energy metabolism in massively obese adolescents

Energy Expenditure in Lean and Obese Prepubertal Children

Oxygen Uptakes Adjusted for Body Composition in Normal‐Weight and Obese Adolescents

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