Resting‐state networks of the neonate brain identified using independent component analysis

Rajasilta, Olli; Tuulari, Jetro J.; Björnsdotter, Malin; Scheinin, Noora M.; Lehtola, Satu J.; Saunavaara, Jani; Häkkinen, Suvi; Merisaari, Harri; Parkkola, Riitta; Lähdesmäki, Tuire; Karlsson, Linnéa; Karlsson, Hasse

doi:10.1002/dneu.22742

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Our results in full-term neonates resonate with previous studies that observed high-order networks in this group. 40 , 45–47 , 84 Our results are also consistent with some brain structural studies, suggesting that fundamental structural features of the adult brain are already present in neonates from birth. For example, the white matter microstructure, a putative neural basis for information processing speed and intelligence in adults, is present in very early life.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Typical and disrupted brain circuitry for conscious awareness in full-term and preterm infants

Cusack

Naçi

2022

Brain Communications

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One of the great frontiers of consciousness science is understanding how early consciousness arises in the development of the human infant. The reciprocal relationship between the default mode network and frontoparietal networks—the dorsal attention and executive control network—is thought to facilitate integration of information across the brain and its availability for a wide set of conscious mental operations. It remains unknown whether the brain mechanism of conscious awareness is instantiated in infants from birth. To address this gap, we investigated the development of the default mode and fronto-parietal networks, and of their reciprocal relationship in neonates. To understand the effect of early neonate age on these networks, we also assessed neonates born prematurely, or before term equivalent age. We used the Developing Human Connectome Project, a unique Open Science dataset which provides a large sample of neonatal functional MRI data with high temporal and spatial resolution. Resting state functional MRI data for full-term neonates (N = 282, age 41.2 weeks ± 12 days), and preterm neonates scanned at term-equivalent age (N = 73, 40.9 weeks ± 14.5 days), or before term-equivalent age (N = 73, 34.6 weeks ± 13.4 days), were obtained from the Developing Human Connectome Project, and for a reference adult group (N = 176, 22–36 years), from the Human Connectome Project. For the first time, we show that the reciprocal relationship between the default mode and dorsal attention network was present at full-term birth or term-equivalent age. Although different from the adult networks, the default mode, dorsal attention, and executive control networks were present as distinct networks at full-term birth or term-equivalent age, but premature birth was associated with network disruption. By contrast, neonates before term-equivalent age showed dramatic underdevelopment of high-order networks. Only the dorsal attention network was present as a distinct network and the reciprocal network relationship was not yet formed. Our results suggest that, at full-term birth or by term-equivalent age, infants possess key features of the neural circuitry that enables integration of information across diverse sensory and high-order functional modules, giving rise to conscious awareness. Conversely, they suggest that this brain infrastructure is not present before infants reach term-equivalent age. These findings improve understanding of the ontogeny of high-order network dynamics that support conscious awareness, and of their disruption by premature birth.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Although some previous studies have observed high-order networks in neonates, 40 , 45–47 , 84 others have not. 38 , 39 , 42 This inconsistency is likely due to methodological differences in the type of data acquired and the analyses method.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Typical and disrupted brain circuitry for conscious awareness in full-term and preterm infants

Cusack

Naçi

2022

Brain Communications

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“…However, less is known about its roles, functional connectivity, and brain‐behaviour functions in neonates, especially across different states of wakefulness and sleep. Although neonates display a robust functional brain organization at birth (Rajasilta et al, 2020), the functional connectivity of these networks greatly differ from the mature networks in adults (Fitzgibbon et al, 2020), which is likely in part because of the fact that they are asleep (Horovitz et al, 2009). For example, adults scanned at rest have considerably higher fALFF values in the mPFC than neonates scanned during sleep (Huang et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal psychological distress associates with alterations in resting‐state low‐frequency fluctuations and distal functional connectivity of the neonate medial prefrontal cortex

Rajasilta

Häkkinen

Björnsdotter

et al. 2022

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Prenatal stress exposure (PSE) has been observed to exert a programming effect on the developing infant brain, possibly with long-lasting consequences on temperament, cognitive functions and the risk for developing psychiatric disorders. Several prior studies have revealed that PSE associates with alterations in neonate functional connectivity in the prefrontal regions and amygdala. In this study, we explored whether maternal psychological symptoms measured during the 24th gestational week had associations with neonate resting-state network metrics. Twenty-one neonates (nine female) underwent resting-state fMRI scanning (mean gestation-corrected age at scan 26.95 days) to assess fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) and Abbreviations: fALFF, fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations; mPFC, medial prefrontal cortex; rs-fMRI, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.

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“…60 min was the maximum duration of the complete scanning protocol, and total duration of the visit was less than 2 h. The data are still being processed and analyzed, but the current success rates are 125/180 for structural T1 and T2 scans (69%) (Acosta et al, 2020a), 172/180 (95%) for at least 20 good quality diffusion weighted images out of the acquired 96 images (N = 157 for 30 directions, N = 142 for 40 directions and N = 121 for 60 directions) (Merisaari et al, 2019). Success rates for task fMRI are 10/13 (77%) in preliminary findings (Tuulari et al, 2019) and 21/28 (75%) for the resting state data (Rajasilta et al, 2020). Unfortunately, we suffered from some technical difficulties with the T2-weighted images that were identified only after data collection, which significantly impacted the available good data from 92% estimated at the scanner to 69% in the final data.…”

Section: The Infant Scanning Procedures Of the Finnbrain Study And How To Calm Infants In The Scannermentioning

confidence: 99%

Infant and Child MRI: A Review of Scanning Procedures

et al. 2021

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a safe method to examine human brain. However, a typical MR scan is very sensitive to motion, and it requires the subject to lie still during the acquisition, which is a major challenge for pediatric scans. Consequently, in a clinical setting, sedation or general anesthesia is often used. In the research setting including healthy subjects anesthetics are not recommended for ethical reasons and potential longer-term harm. Here we review the methods used to prepare a child for an MRI scan, but also on the techniques and tools used during the scanning to enable a successful scan. Additionally, we critically evaluate how studies have reported the scanning procedure and success of scanning. We searched articles based on special subject headings from PubMed and identified 86 studies using brain MRI in healthy subjects between 0 and 6 years of age. Scan preparations expectedly depended on subject’s age; infants and young children were scanned asleep after feeding and swaddling and older children were scanned awake. Comparing the efficiency of different procedures was difficult because of the heterogeneous reporting of the used methods and the success rates. Based on this review, we recommend more detailed reporting of scanning procedure to help find out which are the factors affecting the success of scanning. In the long term, this could help the research field to get high quality data, but also the clinical field to reduce the use of anesthetics. Finally, we introduce the protocol used in scanning 2 to 5-week-old infants in the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, and tips for calming neonates during the scans.

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Resting‐state networks of the neonate brain identified using independent component analysis

Cited by 16 publications

References 80 publications

Typical and disrupted brain circuitry for conscious awareness in full-term and preterm infants

Typical and disrupted brain circuitry for conscious awareness in full-term and preterm infants

Maternal psychological distress associates with alterations in resting‐state low‐frequency fluctuations and distal functional connectivity of the neonate medial prefrontal cortex

Infant and Child MRI: A Review of Scanning Procedures

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