Restless legs symptoms with sleepiness in relation to mortality: 20‐year follow‐up study of a middle‐aged Swedish population

Mallon, Lena; Broman, Jan‐Erik; Hetta, Jerker

doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01831.x

Cited by 54 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…15 In 2 previous studies of RLS and mortality in general populations, the total sample sizes were rather small (,6,000 for both) and the RLS was assessed using a single question. 12,13 We also excluded 2 common mimics of RLS, diabetes and arthritis, in our primary analysis. In a recent study based on 4 cohorts from the United States and Germany, 14 RLS was not significantly associated with increased risks of all-cause mortality.…”

Section: Methods Study Population the Hpfs Was Established Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10,11 In the general population, 3 previous studies [12][13][14] examined the association between RLS symptoms and mortality and reported inconsistent results. However, these studies are limited by small sample size, failure to employ standard questions to assess RLS, 12,13 or lack of information on RLS frequency. 12,14 Further, the association between RLS and cause-specific death was not examined in these studies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12,14 Further, the association between RLS and cause-specific death was not examined in these studies. [12][13][14] The primary aim of the current study was to prospectively examine whether men with RLS have an increased risk of mortality, with and without adjustment for known risk factors for mortality, in 18,425 men participating in an ongoing US prospective cohort, the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS). In a secondary analysis, we also explored the association between RLS and mortality among an apparently healthy population, who were free of common chronic conditions.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Prospective study of restless legs syndrome and mortality among men

Wang

Winkelman

et al. 2013

Neurology

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Objective: To prospectively examine whether men with restless legs syndrome (RLS) had an increased risk of mortality.Method: This was a prospective cohort study of 18,425 US men free of diabetes, arthritis, and renal failure in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS). In 2002, RLS was assessed using a set of standardized questions. Deaths were identified from state vital statistics records, the National Death Index, family reports, and the postal system.Results: During 8 years of follow-up (2002-2010), we documented 2,765 deaths. In an age-adjusted model, RLS was associated with a 39% increased risk of mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 5 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19-1.62; p , 0.0001). The association between RLS and mortality was slightly attenuated after further adjustment for body mass index, lifestyle factors, chronic conditions, sleep duration, and other sleep-related disorders (adjusted HR 5 1.30; 95% CI 1.11-1.52; p 5 0.003). When we further excluded those with major chronic conditions (e.g., cancer, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, and other comorbidities), the adjusted HR was 1.92 (95% CI 1.03-3.56; p 5 0.04). The interactions between RLS and other risk factors (older age, overweight, short sleep duration, smoking, low physical activity, and unhealthy diet) in relation to total mortality risk were not significant (p for interaction .0.2 for all). Conclusion:We observed that men with RLS had a higher overall mortality and this association was independent of known risk factors. The increased mortality in RLS was more frequently associated with respiratory disease, endocrine disease, nutritional/metabolic disease, and immunologic disorders. Future research exploring the pathophysiologic relationship between these disorders and RLS is warranted. Neurology Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a bothersome chronic condition, characterized by an almost irresistible urge to move the legs and usually occurring with leg sensations of burning, creeping, tugging, or "like insects crawling inside the legs," which are worse in the evening and night with significant relief in the morning.1-3 This sensorimotor disorder was described in the late 17th century by Sir Thomas Willis and was coined RLS by Karl Ekbom in the 1940s.2 RLS affects 5%-10% of adults in the general population, 4-8 and is associated with various chronic conditions. 9A notable high mortality associated with RLS has been observed among men and women with renal disease. 10,11 In the general population, 3 previous studies 12-14 examined the association between RLS symptoms and mortality and reported inconsistent results. However, these studies are limited by small sample size, failure to employ standard questions to assess RLS, 12,13 or lack of information on RLS frequency.

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Section: Methods Study Population the Hpfs Was Established Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Prospective study of restless legs syndrome and mortality among men

Wang

Winkelman

et al. 2013

Neurology

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“…Finally, with regard to mortality, there were reports of increased risk (hazard ratio = 1.85, 95%CI 1.20-2.85, p = 0.005) in women with RLS and daytime sleepiness after follow-up of 20 years 48 . Other prospective studies, also cohort, with followup from 6 to 11 years, found no increase in mortality for all causes 49 .…”

Section: Cardiovascular Consequencesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Brazilian consensus on guidelines for diagnosis and treatment for restless legs syndrome

Fröhlich

Éckeli

Bacelar³

et al. 2015

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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“…6,23,96,97 However, a large study did not find association with RLS and mortality, 98 and some studies showed increased mortality in females but not in males. 99,100 Studies of mortality and RLS/ PLMS have been limited by a small number of patients, epidemiological/cross-sectional designs, short follow-up period, and different definitions to classify RLS/PLMS patients. In general, the limited evidence available suggests an association between RLS/PLMS and increased mortality in this population.…”

Section: Association Between Rls/plms and Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%