Restless Legs Syndrome

Glasauer, Franz E.

doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3101109

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 78 publications

(132 reference statements)

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“…The worsening of symptoms of RLS and PLMS after the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors has also been reported. 33 On the other hand, clonazepam, which reduces serotonin utilization, controls RLS and PLMS. Clonazepam is also known to affect dopamine neurotransmission.…”

Section: Decreased Serotonin Activity Was Found In Animals Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restless Legs Syndrome and Periodic Limb Movements During Sleep: Diagnosis and Treatment

Karataş

2007

The Neurologist

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RLS and PLMS are common neurologic disorders and increase in prevalence with aging. These disorders can be disabling conditions, causing sleep disturbance at night and excessive sleepiness during the day. Polysomnography and the suggested immobilization test are used to support the clinical diagnosis of RLS and PLMS. Although levodopa alleviates symptoms, rebound and augmentation occur frequently, limiting the long-term usefulness of this agent. The direct dopamine receptor agonists such as pergolide, pramipexole, ropinirole, and cabergoline have largely replaced levodopa as the most effective treatment for RLS and PLMS.

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Section: Decreased Serotonin Activity Was Found In Animals Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restless Legs Syndrome and Periodic Limb Movements During Sleep: Diagnosis and Treatment

Karataş

2007

The Neurologist

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“…[23][24][25] There is evidence for age-related dysfunction of the descending dopaminergic pathways, possibly originating in the diencephalon or upper brainstem. 26 In fact, L-dopa or dopamine agonist administration can decrease the symptoms of restless legs syndrome. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep and aging: 1. Sleep disorders commonly found in older people

Wolkove

Elkholy²,

Baltzan³

et al. 2007

Canadian Medical Association Journal

334

174

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Sleep is a vital physiologic process with important restorative functions. Notable qualitative and quantitative changes in sleep occur with age. Moreover, many sleep-related disorders occur with increasing frequency among elderly people. These conditions are often not appreciated by physicians, the associated symptoms ascribed instead to coexistant medical illness. In part 1 of this review, we attempt to summarize several of the most important sleeprelated disorders commonly observed in older patients. In the forthcoming part 2, we will highlight the principles of treatment of these conditions. Age-related sleep changesNormal sleep progresses through several stages in a predictable fashion (Table 1). This cycle repeats several times during the sleep period. With age, important changes in sleep structure occur (Box 1); 1 perhaps most characteristic is a phase advance of the normal circadian cycle. The result is a propensity toward an earlier sleep onset, accompanied by an earlier morning wake signal. Thus, elderly people often go to bed early and report being early risers. With aging, the total amount of time asleep shortens: infants and young children sleep an average of 16-20 hours per day; adults, 7-8; and people over 60 years of age, 6 1 /2 hours daily.2 Delta sleep (stages 3 and 4), the deepest and most refreshing form of sleep, diminishes with age. 2 Sleep pathologies in older patients InsomniaInsomnia, defined as difficulty falling or staying asleep, is frequent in older people.1,2 In some patients, insomnia can be caused by an underlying medical condition or a medication side effect (secondary insomnia). In the absence of a causative factor, it is referred to as primary insomnia. Monane 3 has estimated that insomnia affects nearly half of all those over the age of 65 years. Elderly women tend to report sleep disturbances more frequently than elderly men.4 The sleep changes noted among older women may be partly related to changes in the postmenopausal profile of sex hormones. Estrogen deficiency in particular has been postulated to contribute to the sleep difficulties that women often begin to experience in their perimenopausal period, and then increasingly with age. 5Frequent awakenings are particularly common among elderly people and may be related to their more frequent incidences of concurrent medical conditions. Among the most common causes of secondary insomnia are a variety of musculoskeletal disorders, nocturia related to benign prostatic hypertrophy in men and bladder instability with decreased urethral resistance in women, congestive heart disease, and chronic obstructive lung disease.Depression and anxiety disorders, common among people over 65 years of age, frequently contribute to insomnia. 6Risk factors for depression in older people include loss of a spouse, retirement, social isolation, comorbid disease and onset of dementia.Sleep disturbance or disruption is common among patients experiencing dementia, particularly those with Alzheimer's disease.7 Such patients often have difficulty not on...

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“…HBS ile il gi li der le me ler de (45,46,47) an ti dep re san la r›n, özel lik le TSA ve SSGI'le rin, HBS or ta ya ç› ka ra bil di €i ya da mev cut HBS semp tom la r› n› flid det len di re bil di €i be lir til mek tey se de, HBS ve an ti dep re san lar ara s›n da ki ilifl ki ye te rin ce aç›k l›k ka za na ma m›fl t›r (27). Dep res yon ta n› l› 243 has ta da ya p› lan pros pek tif (14) ve uy ku bo zuk lu €u olan 200 has ta da ya p› lan res tros pek tif (27) iki ay r› ça l›fl ma da AD kul la n› m› ile HBS ara s›n da an lam l› ilifl ki bu lun ma m›fl t›r.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Antidepresan Kullanımı Huzursuz Bacak Sendromu Riskini Arttırıyor mu?

...

2012

npa

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Gsm: +90 532 632 41 33 E-pos ta: emremb@yahoo.com Ge liş ta ri hi/Re cei ved: 27.06.2011 Ka bul ta ri hi/Ac cep ted: 22.08.2011 © Nö rop si ki yat ri Ar şi vi Der gi si, Ga le nos Ya yı ne vi ta ra f›n dan ba s›l m›fl t›r. / © Arc hi ves of Neu ropsy chi atry, pub lis hed by Ga le nos Pub lis hing. ABS TRACTObjective: Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is often associated with the use of antidepressants. However there is limited number of research about this association. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between antidepressant (AD) use and Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS). Methods: 247 patients diagnosed with depression and anxiety disorders were included in this study. A semi-structured data form was applied to all participants to assess socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. In this form, main four criteria proposed by International Study Group for RLS were used to determine RLS. For differential diagnosis of RLS, researchers interviewed patients who responded positively to all of the four questions. Results: Among patients who are included in the study, 41 (17.3%) patients were diagnosed with RLS. In 35 of these patients (85.4% of the whole group), RLS is found to appear or increase with the use of antidepressants. In patients with the diagnosis of RLS, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) were the mostly used antidepressant group. Mostly used antidepressants were essitalopram, trazodone and venlafaxine. The evaluation made in the whole group and separately in the male and female groups revealed that use of SSRIs, selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRI) or tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) was not related with RLS. In females, use of trazodone and combined therapy of trazodone and ADs increased the risk of RLS significantly. Discussion: The results of our study suggested that occurrence of RLS is especially common in patients using SSRIs, but use of SSRIs, SNRIs or TCAs were not significant risk factors for the development of RLS. In female patients, use of traodone increased RLS risk, and increased risk was found to be especially associated with combination treatment. In the combination treatment, alterations in the drug metabolism may contribute to the development of RLS with ADs. Also the effect of trazodone and its active metabolite m-chloropiperazine on serotonin may be associated with the increased risk of RLS. An increase in RLS risk should be considered in occasions when clinicians prefer trazodone in combination treatment such as insomnia. (Arc hi ves of Neu ropsy chi atry 2012; 49: 212-217) Conflict of interest:The authors reported no conflict of interest related to this article. ÖZETAmaç: Huzursuz Bacak Sendromu (HBS) antidepresan (AD) kullanımıyla sıklıkla ilişkilendirilmektedir. Ancak bu ilişkiyi inceleyen araştırma sayısı sınırlıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı AD kullanımı ile HBS arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmaktır. Yön tem: Ça l›fl ma ya dep res yon ve ank si ye te bo zuk luk la r› ta n› s› alan 247 has ta al›nd›. Ka t› l›m c› la ra sos yo de mog ra fik ve kli n...

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Restless Legs Syndrome

Cited by 25 publications

References 78 publications

Restless Legs Syndrome and Periodic Limb Movements During Sleep: Diagnosis and Treatment

Restless Legs Syndrome and Periodic Limb Movements During Sleep: Diagnosis and Treatment

Sleep and aging: 1. Sleep disorders commonly found in older people

Antidepresan Kullanımı Huzursuz Bacak Sendromu Riskini Arttırıyor mu?

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