Restoration and management of mangrove systems — a lesson for and from the East African region

Kairo, James Gitundu; Dahdouh‐Guebas, Farid; Bosire, Jared O.; Koedam, Nico

doi:10.1016/s0254-6299(15)31153-4

Cited by 173 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The ability of L. racemosa to colonise bare sites without conspecifics may be one explanation for its dominance over A. germinans, as colonisation studies have found that certain species have difficulty colonising bare areas without conspecifics, probably due to the more favourable conditions for propagule and seedling survival created by established mangrove (Bosire et al, 2003). Low numbers of parental A. germinans and R. mangle in the bay may be preventing these species from regenerating and becoming more important in the bay, as this has been found to be crucial in the natural regeneration of other species (Kairo et al, 2001). Toledo et al (2001) found that the natural regeneration of A. germinans and R. mangle was slow in a clear-cut mangrove zone in Baja California and this may explain the low numbers of these species in this study site after disturbance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mangrove in the bay regenerated through natural processes and was not assisted by reforestation and this disputes Farnsworth and Ellison (1997) who stated that mangrove recovery is universally slow after disturbance unless assistance is given. Despite this apparent regeneration, it is suggested that sites disturbed by logging are less likely to regenerate and function like the pre-disturbed site as the mix of species, tree density and location and animal numbers will have changed (Field, 1998;Kairo et al, 2001). The only way to assess this for Punta Mala Bay is to compare its recovery in terms of vegetation structure and fauna with other mangrove areas along the coast as no historic field data are available.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal mangrove dynamics in relation to coastal development in Pacific Panama

Benfield

Guzmán

Mair

2005

Journal of Environmental Management

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal mangrove dynamics in relation to coastal development in Pacific Panama

Benfield

Guzmán

Mair

2005

Journal of Environmental Management

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“…The clear-cutting of mangroves for salt production is therefore one of the most serious threats to mangrove ecosystems (Masalu, 2000;Kairo et al, 2001;Mazda et al, 2002;Wang et al, 2003;ISME, 2013). Along the coast, most salt is produced in solar ponds situated in mangrove areas, although it would be possible to relocate them outside the mangroves on bare land (Semesi, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic erosion in the snailLittoraria subvittata(Reid, 1986) due to mangrove deforestation

2016

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In tropical coastal ecosystems mangrove forests are important as feeding, spawning, breeding and nursery grounds for many marine species. High human population pressure in coastal areas has led to the loss and deterioration of mangrove habitats. Solar salt production can affect these habitats along the East African coast. Littorinid snails live on mangrove trees, forming an important component of the mangrove ecosystem and have been used as bioindicators of environmental health and community stress. Littoraria subvittata is the most abundant littorinid species in mangroves along the East African coast. Partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene sequences of 298 individuals were used to assess the impact of mangrove deforestation at salt ponds on the genetic diversity and structuring of L. subvittata populations, as well as to infer the demographic history of the species. Nucleotide and haplotype diversities were found to be lower in samples from mangroves at salt ponds than in samples from natural mangroves. The mean nucleotide diversity was 0.049 ± 0.036% and 0.115 ± 0.068% in mangroves at salt ponds and natural mangroves, respectively. The mean haplotype diversity was 0.23 ± 0.14 and 0.50 ± 0.14 in mangroves at salt ponds and natural mangroves, respectively. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) detected a significant population structure (Ф st = 0.049; P < 0.0001) for the combined populations. Hierarchical AMOVA detected a significant population genetic structure only between populations from mangroves at salt ponds and natural mangroves (Φ ct = 0.022; P < 0.05), but not between any other groupings. Populations from natural mangrove sites showed a significant genetic structure (Ф st = 0.054, P < 0.0001), while populations from sites at salt ponds could not be differentiated (Ф st = −0.0026, P = 0.64). Reduced effective population size was observed in most samples from mangrove sites at salt ponds compared with natural mangrove. The direction of migrants was mostly from salt ponds to natural mangroves. These results show that salt ponds have a negative impact on the genetic diversity of L. subvittata populations and modify the population's genetic structure.

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“…Managers must also protect high-quality forests by reducing human impacts, for example by developing alternative livelihoods for those dependent on mangrove exploitation (McLeod & Salm 2006). However, the direct planting of new trees is necessary in areas that cannot recover otherwise (Kairo et al 2001;Bosire et al 2008;Kirui et al 2008). It is likely to become more important if managers are to keep pace with the scale of changes predicted under most climate change scenarios; for example, it will be necessary to establish mangroves in previously unforested areas as current habitat disappears.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra- and interspecific facilitation in mangroves may increase resilience to climate change threats

Huxham

Kumara

Jayatissa

et al. 2010

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

105

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Mangroves are intertidal ecosystems that are particularly vulnerable to climate change. At the low tidal limits of their range, they face swamping by rising sea levels; at the high tidal limits, they face increasing stress from desiccation and high salinity. Facilitation theory may help guide mangrove management and restoration in the face of these threats by suggesting how and when positive intra-and interspecific effects may occur: such effects are predicted in stressed environments such as the intertidal, but have yet to be shown among mangroves. Here, we report the results of a series of experiments at low and high tidal sites examining the effects of mangrove density and species mix on seedling survival and recruitment, and on the ability of mangroves to trap sediment and cause surface elevation change. Increasing density significantly increased the survival of seedlings of two different species at both high and low tidal sites, and enhanced sediment accretion and elevation at the low tidal site. Including Avicennia marina in species mixes enhanced total biomass at a degraded high tidal site. Increasing biomass led to changed microenvironments that allowed the recruitment and survival of different mangrove species, particularly Ceriops tagal.

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Restoration and management of mangrove systems — a lesson for and from the East African region

Cited by 173 publications

References 27 publications

Temporal mangrove dynamics in relation to coastal development in Pacific Panama

Temporal mangrove dynamics in relation to coastal development in Pacific Panama

Genetic erosion in the snailLittoraria subvittata(Reid, 1986) due to mangrove deforestation

Intra- and interspecific facilitation in mangroves may increase resilience to climate change threats

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