Restoration Experience Measurement Methods in Contact with Green Open Spaces

Abstract

Contact with nature is suggested to be as an important resource for human health and well-being. Stress alleviation and reduction of mental fatigue are main instances of improvement of human health and well-being in contact with nature. Although the term restoration experience in contact with nature has been used repeatedly for concepts of stress alleviation and reduction of mental fatigue, these refer to different sets of theories and research studies. In this paper, by reviewing the nature-health related theories of Biophilia, Stress Recovery Theory, Attention Restoration Theory and Supportive Environment Theory (SET), the similarities and differences between these two concepts have been discussed. Moreover, the measurement approach instruments based on different study methodologies and aims are provided. This paper could provide information for future studies with focus on factors to be of benefit for restoration experience in design and planning of natural landscape environments with the aim of health and well-being development.

Восстановительный Эффект Контактов С Природой Как Предмет Исследования В Психологии Среды

“…PRS операционализирует положения теории восстановления внимания: субшкалы методики тестируют описываемые ART компоненты опыта контактов с природой: «пребывание вдали», «привлечение», «масштабность», «совместимость» (пример суждения: «Подобные места -убежища от неприятностей»). Таким образом, оценка восстановительного потенциала среды есть оценка условий, при которых возможен восстановительный эффект (Malekinezhad, bin Lamit, 2018). Разница конструктов не очень велика, но важна для соблюдения концептуальной валидности.…”

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“…В литературе встречается различение мер объективного (actual) и субъективного восстановления (Malekinezhad, bin Lamit, 2018), а также мер имплицитных, применяемых в широкой исследовательской практике, и эксплицитных, т.е. разработанных специально для измерения восстановления (Han, 2020).…”

“…Это прежде всего «Perceived Restorativeness Scale (PRS)» (Hartig et al, 1997), самый популярный инструмент из всех шкал самоотчета о восстановлении (Berto, 2014;Han, 2018;Menardo et al, 2019). PRS операционализирует положения теории восстановления внимания: субшкалы методики тестируют (Malekinezhad, bin Lamit, 2018). Разница конструктов не очень велика, но важна для соблюдения концептуальной валидности.…”

Perceived Psychological Restorativeness in Relation to Individual and Environmental Variables: A Study Conducted at Poetto Beach in Sardinia, Italy

“…Two explanatory theories have revealed the physiological and psychological mechanisms that underline the positive effects of nature in different individual dimensions: the Stress Recovery Theory [19,20] and the Attention Restoration Theory [21]. According to Ulrich's SRT, exposure to natural elements reduces perceived stress and physiological arousal and decreases negative feelings, such as anger or fear [22,23]. Restoration from stress positively affects psychological functioning by improving cognitive skills and performance and by increasing positive-toned affects [20].…”

“…Extent refers to a setting that has adequate and interesting content to capture the individual's attention for a long enough time frame and is associated with the spatial and temporal dimensions of the environment being visited. Compatibility indicates a match between a person's inclinations and an environment's characteristics [21,23,32]. It also responds to individuals' needs, improves cognitive functioning, and in an evolutionary perspective, is more present in natural than urban settings [21].…”