Restoration of bottomland hardwood forests across a treatment intensity gradient

Stanturf, John A.; Gardiner, Emile S.; Shepard, James P.; Schweitzer, Callie J.; Portwood, C. Jeffrey; Dorris, Lamar C.

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2009.01.052

Cited by 32 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Recommended initial planting density for bottomland hardwood forests ranges from 400 to 3,000 plants per hectare (SI Appendix, Table S2.4). For this study we used 730 seedlings per hectare as a base case (47), based on recommendations for ecological restoration of bottomland hardwood forests in this region (86).…”

Section: Case Study and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our high estimate uses Texas Forest Service estimates for hardwood seedling costs ($0.60 each) and per-acre costs for planting by wildland machine ($85) and double disking ($115) as recommended for this planting option (89). We assume hand and machine planting costs per acre are for commonly used planting densities like those reported in Stanturf et al (47,86), and scale these costs proportionally for higher planting density scenarios.…”

Section: Case Study and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The competitiveness of reforestation projects may also be enhanced by interplanting of fast-growing species such as Populus deltoides in our study area to support a one-time selective timber harvest (47). The impact of such harvests on the cost per ton of NO x e reduced depends on timber prices, volume harvested, accessibility, distance to the nearest mill, and requirements of the relevant C offset protocols.…”

Section: Cost Effectiveness Of Reforestation For Ozone Precursor Abatmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reforestation as a novel abatement and compliance measure for ground-level ozone

Kroeger

Escobedo

Hernandez³

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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High ambient ozone (O 3 ) concentrations are a widespread and persistent problem globally. Although studies have documented the role of forests in removing O 3 and one of its precursors, nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), the cost effectiveness of using peri-urban reforestation for O 3 abatement purposes has not been examined. We develop a methodology that uses available air quality and meteorological data and simplified forest structure growth-mortality and dry deposition models to assess the performance of reforestation for O 3 precursor abatement. We apply this methodology to identify the cost-effective design for a hypothetical 405-ha, peri-urban reforestation project in the Houston-GalvestonBrazoria O 3 nonattainment area in Texas. The project would remove an estimated 310 tons of (t) O 3 and 58 t NO 2 total over 30 y. Given its location in a nitrogen oxide (NO x )-limited area, and using the range of Houston area O 3 production efficiencies to convert forest O 3 removal to its NO x equivalent, this is equivalent to 127-209 t of the regulated NO x . The cost of reforestation per ton of NO x abated compares favorably to that of additional conventional controls if no land costs are incurred, especially if carbon offsets are generated. Purchasing agricultural lands for reforestation removes this cost advantage, but this problem could be overcome through cost-share opportunities that exist due to the public and conservation benefits of reforestation. Our findings suggest that peri-urban reforestation should be considered in O 3 control efforts in Houston, other US nonattainment areas, and areas with O 3 pollution problems in other countries, wherever O 3 formation is predominantly NO x limited.air pollution | ecosystem services | natural infrastructure | state implementation plan

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Section: Case Study and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Case Study and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cost Effectiveness Of Reforestation For Ozone Precursor Abatmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Reforestation as a novel abatement and compliance measure for ground-level ozone

Kroeger

Escobedo

Hernandez³

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…On sites degraded by agriculture, plantations of fast-growing, early successional species provide a relatively quick pathway to restoration of ecological functions associated with forests and can produce a range of co-benefits typically not provided by conventional afforestation practices [59][60][61]. The quick development of forest cover can immediately initiate amelioration of soil degradation, reassembly of nutrient and water cycling processes, development of understory environments conducive to natural regeneration of native species, creation of habitat for native fauna, and generation of revenue for recouping the initial restoration investment.…”

Section: Forest Restorationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The potential to provide multiple benefits and return income to the landowner quicker than conventional afforestation methods are key drivers of forest restoration in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley where most land is privately owned [65]. Accordingly, research on the site was designed to encompass four afforestation methods that represent a range of restoration intensities from passive (natural recolonization) to intensive (eastern cottonwood-broadleaf interplanting) restoration [59]. This intensive practice builds upon the well-developed silviculture and management of eastern cottonwood plantations advancing this species as a nurse crop for slower growing broadleaf species.…”

Section: Forest Restorationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Technologies of Woody Crop Production Systems

et al. 2016

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Soil erosion, loss of productivity potential, biodiversity loss, water shortage, and soil and water pollution are ongoing processes that decrease or degrade provisioning (e.g., biomass, freshwater) and regulating (e.g., carbon sequestration, soil quality) ecosystem services. Therefore, developing environmental technologies that maximize these services is essential for the continued support of rural and urban populations. Genotype selection is a key component of these technologies, and characteristics of the species used in short rotation woody biomass systems, as well as the silvicultural techniques developed for short rotation woody crops are readily adapted to environmental applications. Here, we describe the development of such woody crop production systems for the advancement of environmental technologies including phytoremediation, urban afforestation, forest restoration, and mine reclamation. The primary goal of these collective efforts is to develop systems and tools that can help to mitigate ecological degradation and thereby sustain healthy ecosystems across the rural to urban continuum. Abbreviations B B o r o n C C a r b o n Cl Chloride Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (

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First signs of macroinvertebrate recovery following enhanced restoration of boreal streams used for timber floating

Pilotto

Polvi

McKie

2018

Ecological Applications

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Although ecological restoration generally succeeds in increasing physical heterogeneity, many projects fail to enhance biota. Researchers have suggested several possible explanations, including insufficient restoration intensity, or time-lags in ecological responses that prevent detection of significant changes in short-term monitoring programs. This study aims to evaluate whether benthic macroinvertebrate communities responded to an expanded set of stream restoration measures within a study period of one to five years after completion of the restoration project. We studied 10 forest streams in northern Sweden that were channelized in the past for timber floating. Managers subjected six of these streams to habitat restoration, on each of these we selected two reaches, located in close proximity but differing in restoration intensity. In "basic" restored reaches, the restoration managers broke up the channelized banks and returned cobbles and small boulders to the main channel. In "enhanced" restoration reaches, they added additional large wood and boulders to reaches previously subjected to basic restoration, and rehabilitated gravel beds. The remaining four streams were not restored, and thus represent the baseline impacted (channelized) condition. We surveyed stream benthic assemblages before the enhanced restoration (year 2010) and three times afterward between 2011 and 2015. Five years after restoration, macroinvertebrate assemblages at the enhanced restored reaches were more differentiated from channelized conditions than those at basic-restored reaches. This reflected increased relative abundances of the insect orders Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera and the bivalve molluscs Sphaeriidae and decreased relative abundances of Chironomidae (Diptera). Analysis of functional traits provided further insights on the mechanistic explanations driving the recovery, e.g., indicating that the augmented channel retention capacity at enhanced restored reaches favored taxa adapted to slow flow conditions and more effectively retained passive aquatic dispersers. The increased restoration intensity in enhanced restored reaches has resulted in shifts in the composition of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages, including increases in more sensitive taxa. These shifts became fully apparent five years after the enhanced restoration. Our results emphasize the value of longer-term monitoring to assess ecological responses following restoration, and of undertaking additional restoration as a valuable management option for previously restored sites that failed to achieve biotic recovery.

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Restoration of bottomland hardwood forests across a treatment intensity gradient

Cited by 32 publications

References 54 publications

Reforestation as a novel abatement and compliance measure for ground-level ozone

Reforestation as a novel abatement and compliance measure for ground-level ozone

Environmental Technologies of Woody Crop Production Systems

First signs of macroinvertebrate recovery following enhanced restoration of boreal streams used for timber floating

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