Restoration Of GABAA Receptor Function After Benzodiazepine Use: A Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Benzodiazepines (BZDs) are some of the most commonly prescribed medications in the United States and are currently classified as schedule IV-controlled substances. Originally patented in 1958, Librium became the first BZD synthesized and set the stage for what would become a major change in medical practice. Since their introduction, BZDs were meant to replace barbiturates, a precursor family with highly addictive properties and lethal overdose consequences. Within the past twenty years, it has been found that BZDs can also cause physical dependence, sometimes in as little as two weeks, and addiction because of their strong relaxant and euphoric properties. Research has hypothesized that dependency occurs because of GABA A receptor desensitization and functional down regulation. This meta-analysis compiles multiple literature sources to determine novel ways to restore GABA A receptor function so that recovering patients can maintain long-term abstinence from BZDs. Selected psychiatric medications and their pharmacology are discussed to determine potential combinations that may normalize GABA A receptor activity after chronic BZD use.