Restoration of Landscapes and Habitats Affected by Established Invasive Species

Abstract

Preventing invasions of aquatic and terrestrial habitats is the preferred and most cost-effective approach to address the invasive species threat (see Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-45367-1_6). However, when prevention efforts fail, invasive species can become widespread and deeply embedded in native ecosystems, causing severe impacts (see Chaps. 10.1007/978-3-030-45367-1_2, 10.1007/978-3-030-45367-1_3, and 10.1007/978-3-030-45367-1_4). In such cases, invader control (see Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-45367-1_7) accompanied by restoration facilitates recovery of native species and prevents reinvasion (e.g., Pearson et al. 2016). Here, we summarize the current state of restoration science and highlight critical information gaps that must be overcome to advance ecosystem restoration in terrestrial and aquatic systems affected by invasive plants, insects, diseases, and vertebrates.