Restoration of Seed Germination at Supraoptimal Temperatures by Fluridone, an Inhibitor of Abscisic Acid Biosynthesis

Yoshioka, T.; Endo, Takashi R.; Satoh, Shigeru

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a029371

Cited by 156 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…7E, L2) of the same plant. This is consistent with the fluridone effect on seed embryo dormancy breaking prior to ABA accumulation (Fong et al, 1983;Le Page-Degivry et al, 1990;Yoshioka et al, 1998). While fluridone is known to have multiple pleiotropic effects on the plant, our results show that fluridone can restore normal plantlet development, likely due to systemic ABA biosynthesis inhibition prior to its accumulation.…”

Section: Functional Kdlec1 Gene Is Expressed In Transgenic Leaf Marginssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…ABA treatments promote SE, while GA has an antagonistic role in SE in carrot (Daucus carota) cells (Tokuji and Kuriyama, 2003;Kikuchi et al, 2006). In addition, in many instances, seed dormancy can be released by applying fluridone, an inhibitor of carotenoid synthesis that causes a decrease in endogenous ABA levels (Yoshioka et al, 1998;Grappin et al, 2000). Application of fluridone to the embryos prior to ABA accumulation is proven to reduce ABA levels and prevent onset of embryo dormancy (Fong et al, 1983;Le PageDegivry et al, 1990;Yoshioka et al, 1998).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, in many instances, seed dormancy can be released by applying fluridone, an inhibitor of carotenoid synthesis that causes a decrease in endogenous ABA levels (Yoshioka et al, 1998;Grappin et al, 2000). Application of fluridone to the embryos prior to ABA accumulation is proven to reduce ABA levels and prevent onset of embryo dormancy (Fong et al, 1983;Le PageDegivry et al, 1990;Yoshioka et al, 1998). We have used fluridone to prevent ABA accumulation in dormant seed-like transgenic leaf embryos and investigated whether reducing ABA could break the dormancy in these defective leaf embryos.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Truncation of LEAFY COTYLEDON1 Protein Is Required for Asexual Reproduction in Kalanchoë daigremontiana

et al. 2014

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Kalanchoë daigremontiana reproduces asexually by generating numerous plantlets on its leaf margins. The formation of plantlets requires the somatic initiation of organogenic and embryogenic developmental programs in the leaves. However, unlike normal embryogenesis in seeds, leaf somatic embryogenesis bypasses seed dormancy to form viable plantlets. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), seed dormancy and embryogenesis are initiated by the transcription factor LEAFY COTYLEDON1 (LEC1). The K. daigremontiana ortholog of LEC1 is expressed during leaf somatic embryo development. However, KdLEC1 encodes for a LEC1-type protein that has a unique B domain, with 11 unique amino acids and a premature stop codon. Moreover, the truncated KdLEC1 protein is not functional in Arabidopsis. Here, we show that K. daigremontiana transgenic plants expressing a functional, chimeric KdLEC1 gene under the control of Arabidopsis LEC1 promoter caused several developmental defects to leaf somatic embryos, including seed dormancy characteristics. The dormant plantlets also behaved as typical dormant seeds. Transgenic plantlets accumulated oil bodies and responded to the abscisic acid biosynthesis inhibitor fluridone, which broke somatic-embryo dormancy and promoted their normal development. Our results indicate that having a mutated form of LEC1 gene in K. daigremontiana is essential to bypass dormancy in the leaf embryos and generate viable plantlets, suggesting that the loss of a functional LEC1 promotes viviparous leaf somatic embryos and thus enhances vegetative propagation in K. daigremontiana. Mutations resulting in truncated LEC1 proteins may have been of a selective advantage in creating somatic propagules, because such mutations occurred independently in several Kalanchoë species, which form plantlets constitutively.

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Section: Functional Kdlec1 Gene Is Expressed In Transgenic Leaf Marginssupporting

confidence: 89%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Truncation of LEAFY COTYLEDON1 Protein Is Required for Asexual Reproduction in Kalanchoë daigremontiana

et al. 2014

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“…The seeds germinate in autumn when the temperature falls below the upper limit for germination (Baskin and Baskin, 1983). Therefore, the change in seed sensitivity to temperature plays an ecologically important role in the detection of the appropriate seasonal timing for germination in the field (Baskin and Baskin, 1998;Yoshioka et al, 1998Yoshioka et al, , 2003.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seeds, reduction of ABA content is suppressed during imbibition at supraoptimal temperature, and de novo ABA biosynthesis is required for thermoinhibition (Yoshioka et al, 1998). Alleviation of thermoinhibition by exogenous GA has been reported on several plant species (Madakadze et al, 1993;Carter and Stevens, 1998;Gonai et al, 2004).…”

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confidence: 99%

High Temperature-Induced Abscisic Acid Biosynthesis and Its Role in the Inhibition of Gibberellin Action in Arabidopsis Seeds

et al. 2008

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Suppression of seed germination at supraoptimal high temperature (thermoinhibiton) during summer is crucial for Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to establish vegetative and reproductive growth in appropriate seasons. Abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellins (GAs) are well known to be involved in germination control, but it remains unknown how these hormone actions (metabolism and responsiveness) are altered at high temperature. Here, we show that ABA levels in imbibed seeds are elevated at high temperature and that this increase is correlated with up-regulation of the zeaxanthin epoxidase gene ABA1/ZEP and three 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase genes, NCED2, NCED5, and NCED9. Reverse-genetic studies show that NCED9 plays a major and NCED5 and NCED2 play relatively minor roles in high temperature-induced ABA synthesis and germination inhibition. We also show that bioactive GAs stay at low levels at high temperature, presumably through suppression of GA 20-oxidase genes, GA20ox1, GA20ox2, and GA20ox3, and GA 3-oxidase genes, GA3ox1 and GA3ox2. Thermoinhibition-tolerant germination of loss-of-function mutants of GA negative regulators, SPINDLY (SPY) and RGL2, suggests that repression of GA signaling is required for thermoinibition. Interestingly, ABA-deficient aba2-2 mutant seeds show significant expression of GA synthesis genes and repression of SPY expression even at high temperature. In addition, the thermoinhibition-resistant germination phenotype of aba2-1 seeds is suppressed by a GA biosynthesis inhibitor, paclobutrazol. We conclude that high temperature stimulates ABA synthesis and represses GA synthesis and signaling through the action of ABA in Arabidopsis seeds.

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Seed Germination

Kermode¹

2004

Handbook of Plant Biotechnology

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Seeds control the survival and reproductive capacity of plants and therefore occupy a critical position in the life history of higher plants. The successful establishment of the new plant both temporally and spatially, as well as the vigour of the young seedling, is largely determined by physiological and biochemical processes that occurred earlier, i.e. during seed development. At dispersal, the quiescent mature seed upon encountering favourable environmental conditions (that can include light of a given wavelength, sufficient water, optimal temperatures and adequate oxygen) commences germination. However, as will be discussed, under conditions that are not optimal for a transition from germination to seedling growth, seeds express genes that impose a transient ‘quiescence’ until those conditions become optimal. The agricultural and forest industries rely upon seeds that exhibit high germinability and vigorous, synchronous growth after germination; hence dormancy is generally considered an undesirable trait. Some of the problems unique to the forest industry in relation to the deep dormancy of conifer species will be discussed. Functional genomic approaches hold promise for elucidating genes and proteins that control seed dormancy and germination. The understanding of molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying seed dormancy, particularly of angiosperms, has been accelerated through the analysis of mutants that are disrupted in their development (including dormancy inception and maintenance) as a result of a deficiency in hormone biosynthesis or response. These and other biotechnological approaches for manipulating germination will be discussed.

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Restoration of Seed Germination at Supraoptimal Temperatures by Fluridone, an Inhibitor of Abscisic Acid Biosynthesis

Cited by 156 publications

References 25 publications

Truncation of LEAFY COTYLEDON1 Protein Is Required for Asexual Reproduction in Kalanchoë daigremontiana

Truncation of LEAFY COTYLEDON1 Protein Is Required for Asexual Reproduction in Kalanchoë daigremontiana

High Temperature-Induced Abscisic Acid Biosynthesis and Its Role in the Inhibition of Gibberellin Action in Arabidopsis Seeds

Seed Germination

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